NSG 5003 WEEK 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 KNOWLEDGE CHECK QUIZ / NSG5003 WEEK 1, 2, 3, 4,
5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 QUIZ (KNOWLEDGE CHECK) (NEWEST-2024/2025): ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: SOUTH UNIVERSITY |100% VERIFIED AND CORRECT ANSWERS|
Delays gastric and small bowel emptying. - CORRECT ANSWERS-. Peptide YY
Decreases pancreatic and enzyme secretions. - CORRECT ANSWERS-E. Pancreatic polypeptide
Enhances insulin release, lipolysis, and ketogenesis. - CORRECT ANSWERS-D. Enteroglucagon
Food enters the stomach via which sphincter? a. Cardiac c. Gastric b. Upper esophageal d. Fundal -
CORRECT ANSWERS-A: cardiac
Each end of the esophagus is opened and closed by a sphincter. The upper esophageal sphincter
(cricopharyngeal muscle) prevents entry of air into the esophagus during respiration. The lower
esophageal sphincter (cardiac sphincter) prevents regurgitation from the stomach. The lower esophageal
sphincter is located near the esophageal hiatus—the opening in the diaphragm where the esophagus
ends at the stomach. The cardiac sphincter is the only option that fulfills the function described in the
question.
Which gastric cells secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor? a. Parietal c. G b. Chief d. H -
CORRECT ANSWERS-A: Parietal
Of the available options, only the parietal cells (oxyntic cells) secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic
factor.
Which cells in the stomach secrete histamine? a. Oxyntic c. D b. Chief d. Enterochromaffin-like -
CORRECT ANSWERS-D: Enterochromaffin-like
Of the available options, only enterochromaffin-like cells secrete histamine.
The presence of chyme in the duodenum stimulates which hormones? a. Motilin and histamine b.
Secretin and cholecystokinin c. Enteroglucagon and gastric inhibitory peptide d. Somatostatin and
acetylcholine - CORRECT ANSWERS-b: secretin and cholecytokinin
, The movement of chyme from the stomach into the duodenum initiates the intestinal phase of
secretion. This phase represents a slowdown of the gastric secretory response; however, the presence of
digested protein and amino acids in the duodenum continue to stimulate some gastric secretion. The
release of secretin and cholecystokinin stimulate pancreatic secretions and inhibit gastric secretions. This
selection is the only option that correctly identifies the hormones that are stimulated by the presence of
chyme in the duodenum.
Which gastric hormone inhibits acid and pepsinogen secretion, as well as decrease the release of
gastrin? a. Bombesin c. Somatostatin b. Histamine d. Acetylcholine - CORRECT ANSWERS-
ANS: C Of the options available, only somatostatin inhibits the secretion of acid and pepsinogen and
decreases gastrin release.
Which enzyme breaks down protein-forming polypeptides in the stomach? a. Acetylcholine c. Gastrin b.
Pepsin d. Secretin - CORRECT ANSWERS-ANS: B Of the options available, only pepsin, a
proteolytic enzyme, breaks down protein-forming polypeptides in the stomach.
Exposure to which substance protects the mucosal barrier of the stomach? a. Prostaglandins c.
Helicobacter pylori b. Aspirin d. Regurgitated bile - CORRECT ANSWERS-ANS: A Prostaglandins
and enterogastrones, such as gastric inhibitory peptide, somatostatin, and secretin, inhibit acid
secretion. This selection is the only option that accurately identifies a substance that protects the
mucosal barrier of the stomach.
The ileum and jejunum are suspended by folds of the peritoneum that contain an extensive vascular and
nervous network. What are these folds called? a. Ligament of Treitz c. Auerbach folds b. Mesentery d.
Lamina propria - CORRECT ANSWERS-ANS: B The ileum and jejunum are suspended in loose
folds from the posterior abdominal wall by a peritoneal membrane called the mesentery. The mesentery
facilitates intestinal motility and supports blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics. None of the other
options accurately fills this description.
Which hormones are involved in regulating gastric motility by making the threshold potential of muscle
fibers more negative? (Select all that apply.) a. Estrogen b. Secretin c. Somatostatin d. Gastrin e. Motilin -
CORRECT ANSWERS-ANS: B, D, E Gastrin and motilin (small intestine hormones) and the vagus
nerve increase contraction by making the threshold potential of muscle fibers less negative. Sympathetic
activity and secretin (another small intestine hormone) are inhibitory and make threshold potential more
negative. The rate of peristalsis is mediated by pacemaker cells that initiate a wave of depolarization
(basic electrical rhythm), which moves from the upper part of the stomach to the pylorus. Neither
estrogen nor somatostatin inhibits gastric motility as described in the question.
5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 QUIZ (KNOWLEDGE CHECK) (NEWEST-2024/2025): ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: SOUTH UNIVERSITY |100% VERIFIED AND CORRECT ANSWERS|
Delays gastric and small bowel emptying. - CORRECT ANSWERS-. Peptide YY
Decreases pancreatic and enzyme secretions. - CORRECT ANSWERS-E. Pancreatic polypeptide
Enhances insulin release, lipolysis, and ketogenesis. - CORRECT ANSWERS-D. Enteroglucagon
Food enters the stomach via which sphincter? a. Cardiac c. Gastric b. Upper esophageal d. Fundal -
CORRECT ANSWERS-A: cardiac
Each end of the esophagus is opened and closed by a sphincter. The upper esophageal sphincter
(cricopharyngeal muscle) prevents entry of air into the esophagus during respiration. The lower
esophageal sphincter (cardiac sphincter) prevents regurgitation from the stomach. The lower esophageal
sphincter is located near the esophageal hiatus—the opening in the diaphragm where the esophagus
ends at the stomach. The cardiac sphincter is the only option that fulfills the function described in the
question.
Which gastric cells secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor? a. Parietal c. G b. Chief d. H -
CORRECT ANSWERS-A: Parietal
Of the available options, only the parietal cells (oxyntic cells) secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic
factor.
Which cells in the stomach secrete histamine? a. Oxyntic c. D b. Chief d. Enterochromaffin-like -
CORRECT ANSWERS-D: Enterochromaffin-like
Of the available options, only enterochromaffin-like cells secrete histamine.
The presence of chyme in the duodenum stimulates which hormones? a. Motilin and histamine b.
Secretin and cholecystokinin c. Enteroglucagon and gastric inhibitory peptide d. Somatostatin and
acetylcholine - CORRECT ANSWERS-b: secretin and cholecytokinin
, The movement of chyme from the stomach into the duodenum initiates the intestinal phase of
secretion. This phase represents a slowdown of the gastric secretory response; however, the presence of
digested protein and amino acids in the duodenum continue to stimulate some gastric secretion. The
release of secretin and cholecystokinin stimulate pancreatic secretions and inhibit gastric secretions. This
selection is the only option that correctly identifies the hormones that are stimulated by the presence of
chyme in the duodenum.
Which gastric hormone inhibits acid and pepsinogen secretion, as well as decrease the release of
gastrin? a. Bombesin c. Somatostatin b. Histamine d. Acetylcholine - CORRECT ANSWERS-
ANS: C Of the options available, only somatostatin inhibits the secretion of acid and pepsinogen and
decreases gastrin release.
Which enzyme breaks down protein-forming polypeptides in the stomach? a. Acetylcholine c. Gastrin b.
Pepsin d. Secretin - CORRECT ANSWERS-ANS: B Of the options available, only pepsin, a
proteolytic enzyme, breaks down protein-forming polypeptides in the stomach.
Exposure to which substance protects the mucosal barrier of the stomach? a. Prostaglandins c.
Helicobacter pylori b. Aspirin d. Regurgitated bile - CORRECT ANSWERS-ANS: A Prostaglandins
and enterogastrones, such as gastric inhibitory peptide, somatostatin, and secretin, inhibit acid
secretion. This selection is the only option that accurately identifies a substance that protects the
mucosal barrier of the stomach.
The ileum and jejunum are suspended by folds of the peritoneum that contain an extensive vascular and
nervous network. What are these folds called? a. Ligament of Treitz c. Auerbach folds b. Mesentery d.
Lamina propria - CORRECT ANSWERS-ANS: B The ileum and jejunum are suspended in loose
folds from the posterior abdominal wall by a peritoneal membrane called the mesentery. The mesentery
facilitates intestinal motility and supports blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics. None of the other
options accurately fills this description.
Which hormones are involved in regulating gastric motility by making the threshold potential of muscle
fibers more negative? (Select all that apply.) a. Estrogen b. Secretin c. Somatostatin d. Gastrin e. Motilin -
CORRECT ANSWERS-ANS: B, D, E Gastrin and motilin (small intestine hormones) and the vagus
nerve increase contraction by making the threshold potential of muscle fibers less negative. Sympathetic
activity and secretin (another small intestine hormone) are inhibitory and make threshold potential more
negative. The rate of peristalsis is mediated by pacemaker cells that initiate a wave of depolarization
(basic electrical rhythm), which moves from the upper part of the stomach to the pylorus. Neither
estrogen nor somatostatin inhibits gastric motility as described in the question.
