WGU patho D236 – STUDY Guide
A chromosomal disorder in females in which either an X
Turner syndrome
chromosome is missing, making the person XO instead of
XX, or part of one X chromosome is deleted.
A human genetic disease caused by a recessive allele for a
dysfunctional enzyme leads to the accumulation of certain
Tay-Sachs Disease lipids in the brain.
Seizures, blindness, and degeneration of motor and mental
performance usually become manifest a few months after
birth, followed by death within a few years.
A condition of mild to severe intellectual disability and
Down syndrome
associated physical disorders caused by an extra copy of
chromosome 21
Antidiuretic hormone is not secreted adequately, or the
kidney is resistant to its effect. The serum sodium is often
Diabetes Insipidus elevated due to excess free water losses.
In diabetes insipidus, your blood glucose levels are normal,
but your kidneys can't properly concentrate urine.
In heart valve disease, one or more of the valves in your
heart doesn't work properly. Regurgitation (or leakage of the
valve). When the valve(s) do not close completely, it causes
blood to flow backward through the valve. This reduces
Cardiac Valve Disease Process forward blood flow and can lead to volume overload in
the heart.
Stenosis (or narrowing of the valve). When the valve(s)
opening becomes narrowed, it limits the flow of blood out
of the ventricles or atria. The heart is forced to pump
blood with increased force to move blood through the
narrowed or stiff (stenotic) valve(s).
, Heart valve disease can cause many complications, including:
* Heart failure.
* Stroke.
Cardiac Valve Complications
* Blood clots.
* Heart rhythm abnormalities.
* Death.
Viral hemorrhagic fevers are spread by contact with
infected animals or insects. The viruses that cause viral
Respiratory Illness from bats hemorrhagic fevers live in a variety of animal and insect
hosts.
Most commonly, the hosts include mosquitoes, ticks, rodents,
or bats. Some viral hemorrhagic fevers can also be spread
from person to person.
Different types of
anemia include: Anemia
due to vitamin B12
deficiency
Anemia due to folate (folic acid)
Anemia deficiency Anemia due to iron
deficiency
Anemia of chronic
disease Hemolytic
anemia Idiopathic
aplastic anemia
Megaloblastic
anemia
Pernicious
anemia
Sickle cell anemia
Thalassemia
The kidneys have two main ways to maintain acid-base
balance - their cells reabsorb bicarbonate HCO3− from the
Acid Base Balance - lung and urine back to the blood and they secrete hydrogen H+ ions
kidney compensation into the urine.
By adjusting the amounts reabsorbed and secreted, they
balance the bloodstream's pH.
Pyelonephritis Inflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney
Prostate cancer Cancer of the prostate gland usually occurs in men middle-aged and
older.
Artery response during blood Vasoconstriction
loss.
, Does cell shrink or swell ?
This condition is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern ,
which means one copy of the altered gene in each cell is
Marfan Syndrome - Autosomal
sufficient to cause the disorder.
dominant trait
At least 25 percent of Marfan syndrome cases result from a
new mutation in the FBN1 gene
Not having enough folic acid during pregnancy is one of the
Spina Bifida
most important factors that can increase the chances of
having a child with spina bifida.
Inflammation of a bursa sac. Inflammation of the fluid-filled
Bursitis
pads (bursae) that act as cushions at the joints.
A sprain occurs when you overextend or tear a ligament
Sprains and Strains while severely stressing a joint.A strain occurs when tendons
(bands at the end of muscles that connect muscles to
bones) get stretched or pulled away from the bone.
A chromosomal disorder in females in which either an X
Turner syndrome
chromosome is missing, making the person XO instead of
XX, or part of one X chromosome is deleted.
A human genetic disease caused by a recessive allele for a
dysfunctional enzyme leads to the accumulation of certain
Tay-Sachs Disease lipids in the brain.
Seizures, blindness, and degeneration of motor and mental
performance usually become manifest a few months after
birth, followed by death within a few years.
A condition of mild to severe intellectual disability and
Down syndrome
associated physical disorders caused by an extra copy of
chromosome 21
Antidiuretic hormone is not secreted adequately, or the
kidney is resistant to its effect. The serum sodium is often
Diabetes Insipidus elevated due to excess free water losses.
In diabetes insipidus, your blood glucose levels are normal,
but your kidneys can't properly concentrate urine.
In heart valve disease, one or more of the valves in your
heart doesn't work properly. Regurgitation (or leakage of the
valve). When the valve(s) do not close completely, it causes
blood to flow backward through the valve. This reduces
Cardiac Valve Disease Process forward blood flow and can lead to volume overload in
the heart.
Stenosis (or narrowing of the valve). When the valve(s)
opening becomes narrowed, it limits the flow of blood out
of the ventricles or atria. The heart is forced to pump
blood with increased force to move blood through the
narrowed or stiff (stenotic) valve(s).
, Heart valve disease can cause many complications, including:
* Heart failure.
* Stroke.
Cardiac Valve Complications
* Blood clots.
* Heart rhythm abnormalities.
* Death.
Viral hemorrhagic fevers are spread by contact with
infected animals or insects. The viruses that cause viral
Respiratory Illness from bats hemorrhagic fevers live in a variety of animal and insect
hosts.
Most commonly, the hosts include mosquitoes, ticks, rodents,
or bats. Some viral hemorrhagic fevers can also be spread
from person to person.
Different types of
anemia include: Anemia
due to vitamin B12
deficiency
Anemia due to folate (folic acid)
Anemia deficiency Anemia due to iron
deficiency
Anemia of chronic
disease Hemolytic
anemia Idiopathic
aplastic anemia
Megaloblastic
anemia
Pernicious
anemia
Sickle cell anemia
Thalassemia
The kidneys have two main ways to maintain acid-base
balance - their cells reabsorb bicarbonate HCO3− from the
Acid Base Balance - lung and urine back to the blood and they secrete hydrogen H+ ions
kidney compensation into the urine.
By adjusting the amounts reabsorbed and secreted, they
balance the bloodstream's pH.
Pyelonephritis Inflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney
Prostate cancer Cancer of the prostate gland usually occurs in men middle-aged and
older.
Artery response during blood Vasoconstriction
loss.
, Does cell shrink or swell ?
This condition is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern ,
which means one copy of the altered gene in each cell is
Marfan Syndrome - Autosomal
sufficient to cause the disorder.
dominant trait
At least 25 percent of Marfan syndrome cases result from a
new mutation in the FBN1 gene
Not having enough folic acid during pregnancy is one of the
Spina Bifida
most important factors that can increase the chances of
having a child with spina bifida.
Inflammation of a bursa sac. Inflammation of the fluid-filled
Bursitis
pads (bursae) that act as cushions at the joints.
A sprain occurs when you overextend or tear a ligament
Sprains and Strains while severely stressing a joint.A strain occurs when tendons
(bands at the end of muscles that connect muscles to
bones) get stretched or pulled away from the bone.
