Which of the following observations has been interpreted as evidence that walking and running
are controlled by different generalized motor programs?
a. The amplitude of leg movement is greater in running than walking
b. The relative timing for walking is different from running
c. Kids typically learn to walk beore learning to run
d. Walking at a very fast speed requires more energy than running at a slow speed
e. All of the above - Answers b. The relative timing for walking is different from running
2. According to Hicks law, every time the number of stimulus-respsonse alternative doubles:
a. RT doubles
b. MT doubles
c. Movement complexity increases
d. RT increases by a constant amount
e. All of the above - Answers d. RT increases by a constant amount
3. _______ detect the stimulus that initiates the knee-jerk reflex
a. muscle spindles
b. golgi tendon organs
c. joint receptors
d. cutaneous receptors
e. none - Answers a. muscle spindles
4. A movement with a duration of __________ has absolutely no opportunity to benefit from
feedback during the movement?
a. 73 ms
b. 120
c. 28
,d. 200
e. b and d - Answers c. 28
5. Ian Watermans illness resulted in a loss of _______below his neck.
a. Pain sensation
b. Temperature sensation
c. Movement
d. Movement sensation
e. A and b - Answers d. Movement sensation
6. The inverted-U principle suggests that motor performance will be best when a performers
level of arousal is:
a. High
b. Low
c. Moderate
d. Level of arousal is not related to motor performance - Answers c. Moderate
7. Which source of sensory info detects the stimulus that initiates the triggered reaction known
as the "wineglass effect"?
a. Cutaneous receptors
b. Joint receptors
c. Muscle spindles
d. Vestibular organs
e. Tendon organs - Answers a. Cutaneous receptors
8. Deafferentation of a limb:
a. Prevents voluntary movement of that limb
b. Can result from cutting the dorsal roots of the spinal nerves serving that limb
c. Can result from cutting the ventral roots of the spinal nerves serving that limb
d. Prevents the use of that limbs golgi tendon organs and muscle spindles
, e. B and d
f. A and b - Answers e. B and d
9. The psychological refractory period results from mandatory serial processing during
_________________ stages of information processing:
a. The response selection
b. The response programming
c. All three
d. The stimulus identification stage
e. None of the above - Answers b. The response programming
10. Which of the following actions would always be controlled by an open-loop control system?
a. Applying make up
b. Walking on a crowded sidewalk
c. Puring a cup of coffee
d. Threading a needle
e. None of the above - Answers e. None of the above
11. Which of the following statements is (are) true of the Henry-Rogers (1996) experiment?
a. The dependent variable was the stimulus intensity (bright light vs dim light)
b. The results were seen as evidence supporting the existence of motor programs
c. The experiment discovered the monosynaptic reflex in humans
d. The experiment discovered the response selection stage of information processing
e. A and d - Answers b. The results were seen as evidence supporting the existence of motor
programs
12. The fact that 0-3 month old human infants typically exhibit the stepping reflex suggests that
the human gait (walking) pattern:
a. Is genetically defined
b. Is an entirerly learned behavior
c. Is larger under uncounsious control