, Test Bank, Chapter 1 vv vv vv
1. Which of the following is NOT an example of evolution?
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
(a) Beak size in a population of birds becomes larger from one generation
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
to the next because larger beaked birds had higher reproductive
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
success and passed the trait to their offspring
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
(b) Over long periods of time whales gradually lost their hindlimbs
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
(c) When traveling to high altitude, human physiology changes
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
vvto accommodate lower oxygen levels
vv vv vv vv
(d) All of the above are examples of evolution
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
2. The fluke of a whale and the fluke of a shark:
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
(a) are homologous traits
vv vv
(b) arose through convergent evolution
vv vv vv
(c) are the result of natural selection
vv vv vv vv vv
(d) b and c are correct
vv vv vv vv
(e) all are correct
vv vv
3. Mammary glands in whales and humans:
vv vv vv vv vv
(a) are a synapomorphy for these species and other mammals
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
(b) are homologous traits
vv vv
(c) were likely present in the most recent common ancestor of humans
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
vvand whales vv
(d) all are correct
vv vv
(e) none are correct vv vv
4. Based on current fossil evidence:
vv vv vv vv
(a) whales were likely fully aquatic before they evolved peg-like teeth
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
vvor baleen vv
(b) evolution of baleen forced whales to become fully aquatic
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
(c) the teeth of extinct whales such as Dorudon were similar to those
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
vvof extinct land mammals
vv vv vv
(d) a and c are correct
vv vv vv vv
(e) b and c are correct
vv vv vv vv
5. One important feature that links extinct organisms such as Pakicetus and
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
Indohyus to cetaceans is:
vv vv vv
(a) the shape of a bone in the middle ear
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
(b) the presence of forelimb flippers
vv vv vv vv
(c) the lack of hindlegs
vv vv vv
(d) peg-like teeth vv
,6. The placement of whales within the artiodactyls is supported by:
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
(a) morphology of limb bones (e.g. the astragalus) in extinct whales vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
(b) DNA evidence vv
(c) the fact that some artiodactyls (e.g. hippos) spend a significant amount
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
of time in the water
vv vv vv vv vv
(d) a and b are correct
vv vv vv vv
(e) all of the above vv vv vv
7. From examining the fossil record, scientists have postulated that long-
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
term historic changes in cetacean diversity depended on:
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
(a) changes in the abundance of diatoms, one of their main food sources
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
(b) changes in the abundance of diatoms, which serve as food
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
for animals that were preyed upon by cetaceans
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
(c) changes in sea temperature vv vv vv
(d) rising pollution levels in the ocean
vv vv vv vv vv
(e) changes in the abundance of organisms that prey on cetaceans
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
8. Which of the following would explain why viruses such as influenza evolve
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
so rapidly:
vv vv
(a) they have a high mutation rate
vv vv vv vv vv
(b) they have a high replication rate
vv vv vv vv vv
(c) they can undergo viral reassortment
vv vv vv vv
(d) none of the above vv vv vv
(e) all of the above vv vv vv
9. Which of the following statements is accurate regarding the evolution of
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
drug resistance in a virus:
vv vv vv vv vv
(a) the drug causes mutations in the virus that make it resistant
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
(b) even before the drug is administered, some virions might
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
be resistant
vv vv
(c) an individual virion that is exposed to the drug will adapt by
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
becoming resistant; future applications of the drug will be
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
ineffective against this virion
vv vv vv vv
(d) all of the above vv vv vv
10. The molecular clock used to date the emergence of the 2009 H1N1
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
strain would be inaccurate if:
vv vv vv vv vv
(a) mutations arose at different rates in different lineages vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
(b) the most recent common ancestor of the viral strains existed long ago
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
(c) the most recent common ancestor of the viral strains existed recently
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
(d) none of the above vv vv vv
, 11. New mutations: vv
(a) are random with respect to their effects on fitness
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
(b) are necessary for natural selection to cause evolutionary change
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
(c) are rare in a population
vv vv vv vv
(d) a and b are correct
vv vv vv vv
(e) all are correct vv vv
12. Evolution occurs when: vv vv
(a) individuals in a population change in response to the environment
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
(b) the average value of trait in a population changes from
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
one generation to the next
vv vv vv vv vv
(c) a and b are both correct
vv vv vv vv vv
(d) Neither a or b is correct vv vv vv vv vv
Short answer/essay.
vv
1. Please describe evidence three pieces of evidence found in extant
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
cetaceans that supports the idea that their ancestors had hindlimbs.
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
1. During embryonic development hindlimb buds form, but are
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
then stop growing.
vv vv vv
2. Some extant whales have a vestigial pelvis, which only makes
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
sense if their ancestors had hindlimbs.
vv vv vv vv vv vv
3. DNA evidence shows that cetaceans are nested within the
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
artiodactyls. The common ancestor of artiodactyls would have
vv v v vv vv vv vv vv vv
had hindlimbs.
vv vv
2. Describe how scientists used carbon isotopes to determine whether
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
extinct whales likely inhabited freshwater or saltwater.
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
Although most oxygen atoms have eight neutrons, some oxygen
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
isotopes have more (e.g. 10). Seawater has more oxygen atoms with
vv vv vv vv vv v v vv vv vv vv vv
10 neutrons (heavy) than freshwater, and animals that live in the sea
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
incorporate more heavy oxygen into their bones than animals that live
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
on land. Thus, by measuring the ratio of light to heavy oxygen in the
vv vv v v vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
bones of fossil whales, and comparing this to ratios found in extant
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
organisms inhabiting freshwater or seawater environments, scientists
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
were able to determine whether extinct whales likely lived in the sea
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
or the land.
vv vv vv
1. Which of the following is NOT an example of evolution?
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
(a) Beak size in a population of birds becomes larger from one generation
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
to the next because larger beaked birds had higher reproductive
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
success and passed the trait to their offspring
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
(b) Over long periods of time whales gradually lost their hindlimbs
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
(c) When traveling to high altitude, human physiology changes
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
vvto accommodate lower oxygen levels
vv vv vv vv
(d) All of the above are examples of evolution
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
2. The fluke of a whale and the fluke of a shark:
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
(a) are homologous traits
vv vv
(b) arose through convergent evolution
vv vv vv
(c) are the result of natural selection
vv vv vv vv vv
(d) b and c are correct
vv vv vv vv
(e) all are correct
vv vv
3. Mammary glands in whales and humans:
vv vv vv vv vv
(a) are a synapomorphy for these species and other mammals
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
(b) are homologous traits
vv vv
(c) were likely present in the most recent common ancestor of humans
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
vvand whales vv
(d) all are correct
vv vv
(e) none are correct vv vv
4. Based on current fossil evidence:
vv vv vv vv
(a) whales were likely fully aquatic before they evolved peg-like teeth
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
vvor baleen vv
(b) evolution of baleen forced whales to become fully aquatic
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
(c) the teeth of extinct whales such as Dorudon were similar to those
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
vvof extinct land mammals
vv vv vv
(d) a and c are correct
vv vv vv vv
(e) b and c are correct
vv vv vv vv
5. One important feature that links extinct organisms such as Pakicetus and
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
Indohyus to cetaceans is:
vv vv vv
(a) the shape of a bone in the middle ear
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
(b) the presence of forelimb flippers
vv vv vv vv
(c) the lack of hindlegs
vv vv vv
(d) peg-like teeth vv
,6. The placement of whales within the artiodactyls is supported by:
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
(a) morphology of limb bones (e.g. the astragalus) in extinct whales vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
(b) DNA evidence vv
(c) the fact that some artiodactyls (e.g. hippos) spend a significant amount
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
of time in the water
vv vv vv vv vv
(d) a and b are correct
vv vv vv vv
(e) all of the above vv vv vv
7. From examining the fossil record, scientists have postulated that long-
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
term historic changes in cetacean diversity depended on:
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
(a) changes in the abundance of diatoms, one of their main food sources
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
(b) changes in the abundance of diatoms, which serve as food
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
for animals that were preyed upon by cetaceans
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
(c) changes in sea temperature vv vv vv
(d) rising pollution levels in the ocean
vv vv vv vv vv
(e) changes in the abundance of organisms that prey on cetaceans
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
8. Which of the following would explain why viruses such as influenza evolve
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
so rapidly:
vv vv
(a) they have a high mutation rate
vv vv vv vv vv
(b) they have a high replication rate
vv vv vv vv vv
(c) they can undergo viral reassortment
vv vv vv vv
(d) none of the above vv vv vv
(e) all of the above vv vv vv
9. Which of the following statements is accurate regarding the evolution of
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
drug resistance in a virus:
vv vv vv vv vv
(a) the drug causes mutations in the virus that make it resistant
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
(b) even before the drug is administered, some virions might
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
be resistant
vv vv
(c) an individual virion that is exposed to the drug will adapt by
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
becoming resistant; future applications of the drug will be
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
ineffective against this virion
vv vv vv vv
(d) all of the above vv vv vv
10. The molecular clock used to date the emergence of the 2009 H1N1
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
strain would be inaccurate if:
vv vv vv vv vv
(a) mutations arose at different rates in different lineages vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
(b) the most recent common ancestor of the viral strains existed long ago
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
(c) the most recent common ancestor of the viral strains existed recently
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
(d) none of the above vv vv vv
, 11. New mutations: vv
(a) are random with respect to their effects on fitness
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
(b) are necessary for natural selection to cause evolutionary change
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
(c) are rare in a population
vv vv vv vv
(d) a and b are correct
vv vv vv vv
(e) all are correct vv vv
12. Evolution occurs when: vv vv
(a) individuals in a population change in response to the environment
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
(b) the average value of trait in a population changes from
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
one generation to the next
vv vv vv vv vv
(c) a and b are both correct
vv vv vv vv vv
(d) Neither a or b is correct vv vv vv vv vv
Short answer/essay.
vv
1. Please describe evidence three pieces of evidence found in extant
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
cetaceans that supports the idea that their ancestors had hindlimbs.
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
1. During embryonic development hindlimb buds form, but are
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
then stop growing.
vv vv vv
2. Some extant whales have a vestigial pelvis, which only makes
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
sense if their ancestors had hindlimbs.
vv vv vv vv vv vv
3. DNA evidence shows that cetaceans are nested within the
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
artiodactyls. The common ancestor of artiodactyls would have
vv v v vv vv vv vv vv vv
had hindlimbs.
vv vv
2. Describe how scientists used carbon isotopes to determine whether
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
extinct whales likely inhabited freshwater or saltwater.
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
Although most oxygen atoms have eight neutrons, some oxygen
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
isotopes have more (e.g. 10). Seawater has more oxygen atoms with
vv vv vv vv vv v v vv vv vv vv vv
10 neutrons (heavy) than freshwater, and animals that live in the sea
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
incorporate more heavy oxygen into their bones than animals that live
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
on land. Thus, by measuring the ratio of light to heavy oxygen in the
vv vv v v vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
bones of fossil whales, and comparing this to ratios found in extant
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
organisms inhabiting freshwater or seawater environments, scientists
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
were able to determine whether extinct whales likely lived in the sea
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
or the land.
vv vv vv
