TESTBANK
b
,Chapter 1: Cell Adaptation, Injury and Death
b b b b b b
Ischemia and other toxic injuries increase the accumulation of intracellular calcium as a result of:
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
1.
A) release of stored calcium from the mitochondria.
b b b b b b
B) improved intracellular volume regulation. b b b
C) decreased influx across the cell membrane. b b b b b
D) attraction of calcium to fatty infiltrates. b b b b b
The patient is found to have liver disease, resulting in the removal of a lobe of his liver.
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
2. Adaptation to the reduced size of the liver leads to
b b oftheremaininglivercells.
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
A) metaplasia
B) organ atrophy b
C) compensatory hyperplasia b
b b D) physiologic hypertrophy b
A person eating peanuts starts choking and collapses. His airway obstruction is partially
b b b b b b b b b b b b
cleared, but he remains hypoxic until hereaches the hospital. Theprolonged cell hypoxia
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
3. caused a cerebral infarction and resulting
b b b in the brain. b b b b b b
A) caspase activation b
B) coagulation necrosis b
C) rapid phagocytosis b
D) protein p53 deficiency b b
Bacteria and viruses cause cell damage by
b b b b b b b , which is unique fromtheintracellular
b b b b b b
4. damage caused by other injurious agents.
b b b b b b
A) disrupting the sodium/potassium ATPase pump b b b b
B) interrupting oxidative metabolism processes b b b
b b C) replicating and producing continued injury b b b b
D) decreasing protein synthesis and function b b b b
The patient has a prolonged interruption in arterial blood flow to his left kidney, causing hypoxic cell
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
5. injury and the release of free radicals. Free radicals damage cells by:
b b b b b b b b b b b b
A) destroying phospholipids in the cell membrane. b b b b b
B) altering the immune response of the cell. b b b b b b
C) disrupting calcium storage in the cell. b b b b b
D) inactivation of enzymes and mitochondria. b b b b
6. Injured cells have impaired flow of substances through the cell membrane as a result of:
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
A) increased fat load. b b
, B) altered permeability. b
C) altered glucose utilization. b b
D) increased surface receptors. b b
7. Reversible adaptive intracellular responses are initiated by:
b b b b b b
A) stimulus overload. b
B) genetic mutations. b
C) chemical messengers. b
D) mitochondrial DNA. b
8. Injured cells become very swollen as a result of:
b b b b b b b b
A) increased cell protein synthesis. b b b
B) altered cell volume regulation. b b b
C) passive entry of potassium into the cell. b b b b b b
D) bleb formation in the plasma membrane.
b b b b b
Adiabetic patient has impaired sensation, circulation, and oxygenation of his feet. He steps on a
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
piece of glass, the wound does not heal, and the area tissue becomes necrotic. The necrotic cell
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
9. death is characterized by:
b b b b
A) rapid apoptosis. b
B) cellular rupture. b
C) shrinkage and collapse. b b
D) chronic inflammation. b
A 99-year-old woman has experienced the decline of cell function associated with age. A group of
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
10. theories of cellular aging focus on programmed:
b b b b b b b
A) changes with genetic influences. b b b
B) elimination of cell receptor sites. b b b b
C) insufficient telomerase enzyme. b b
b b D) DNA mutation or faulty repair. b b b b
An 89-year-old female patient has experienced significant decreases in her mobility and stamina
b b b b b b b b b b b b
during a 3-week hospital stay for the treatment of a femoral head fracture. Which of
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
the following phenomena most likely accounts for the patients decrease in muscle function that
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
11. underlies her reduced mobility?
b b b b
A) Impaired muscle cell metabolism resulting from metaplasia b b b b b b
B) Dysplasia as a consequence of inflammation during bone remodeling b b b b b b b b
C) Disuse atrophy of muscle cells during a prolonged period of immobility
b b b b b b b b b b
D) Ischemic atrophy resulting from vascular changes while on bedrest b b b b b b b b
, A 20-year-old college student has presented to her campus medical clinic for a scheduled
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
Papanicolaou (Pap) smear. The clinician who will interpret the smear will examine cell samples
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
12. for evidence of:
b b b
A) changes in cell shape, size, and organization. b b b b b b
B) the presence of unexpected cell types.
b b b b b
b b C) ischemic changes in cell samples. b b b b
D) abnormally high numbers of cells in a specified field. b b b b b b b b
Which of the following pathophysiologic processes is most likely to result in metastatic
b b b b b b b b b b b b
b b 13. calcification?
b
A) Benign prostatic hyperplasia b b
B) Liver cirrhosis b
C) Impaired glycogen metabolism b b
D) Hyperparathyroidism
Despite the low levels of radiation used in contemporary radiologic imaging, a radiology
b b b b b b b b b b b b
technician is aware ofthe need to minimize her exposure to ionizing radiation. What is the primary
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
14. rationale for the technicians precautions?
b b b b b
A) Radiation stimulates pathologic cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia. b b b b b b
B) Radiation results in the accumulation of endogenous waste products in the cytoplasm.
b b b b b b b b b b b
C) Radiation interferes with DNA synthesis and mitosis. b b b b b b
D) Radiation decreases the action potential of rapidly dividing cells. b b b b b b b b
The parents of a 4-year-old girl have sought care because their daughter has admitted to chewing
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
and swallowing imported toy figurines that have been determined to be made of lead. Which of the
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
15. following blood tests should the care team prioritize?
b b b b b b b b
b b A) White blood cell levels with differential b b b b b
B) Red blood cell levels and morphology
b b b b b
C) Urea and creatinine levels
b b b
D) Liver function panel b b
A 70-year-old male patient has been admitted to a hospital for the treatment of a recent
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
hemorrhagic stroke that has left him with numerous motor and sensory deficits. These deficits are
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
16. most likely the result of which of the following mechanisms of cell injury?
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
A) Free radical injury b b
B) Hypoxia and ATP depletion b b b
C) Interference with DNA synthesis b b b
D) Impaired calcium homeostasis b b
b
,Chapter 1: Cell Adaptation, Injury and Death
b b b b b b
Ischemia and other toxic injuries increase the accumulation of intracellular calcium as a result of:
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
1.
A) release of stored calcium from the mitochondria.
b b b b b b
B) improved intracellular volume regulation. b b b
C) decreased influx across the cell membrane. b b b b b
D) attraction of calcium to fatty infiltrates. b b b b b
The patient is found to have liver disease, resulting in the removal of a lobe of his liver.
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
2. Adaptation to the reduced size of the liver leads to
b b oftheremaininglivercells.
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
A) metaplasia
B) organ atrophy b
C) compensatory hyperplasia b
b b D) physiologic hypertrophy b
A person eating peanuts starts choking and collapses. His airway obstruction is partially
b b b b b b b b b b b b
cleared, but he remains hypoxic until hereaches the hospital. Theprolonged cell hypoxia
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
3. caused a cerebral infarction and resulting
b b b in the brain. b b b b b b
A) caspase activation b
B) coagulation necrosis b
C) rapid phagocytosis b
D) protein p53 deficiency b b
Bacteria and viruses cause cell damage by
b b b b b b b , which is unique fromtheintracellular
b b b b b b
4. damage caused by other injurious agents.
b b b b b b
A) disrupting the sodium/potassium ATPase pump b b b b
B) interrupting oxidative metabolism processes b b b
b b C) replicating and producing continued injury b b b b
D) decreasing protein synthesis and function b b b b
The patient has a prolonged interruption in arterial blood flow to his left kidney, causing hypoxic cell
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
5. injury and the release of free radicals. Free radicals damage cells by:
b b b b b b b b b b b b
A) destroying phospholipids in the cell membrane. b b b b b
B) altering the immune response of the cell. b b b b b b
C) disrupting calcium storage in the cell. b b b b b
D) inactivation of enzymes and mitochondria. b b b b
6. Injured cells have impaired flow of substances through the cell membrane as a result of:
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
A) increased fat load. b b
, B) altered permeability. b
C) altered glucose utilization. b b
D) increased surface receptors. b b
7. Reversible adaptive intracellular responses are initiated by:
b b b b b b
A) stimulus overload. b
B) genetic mutations. b
C) chemical messengers. b
D) mitochondrial DNA. b
8. Injured cells become very swollen as a result of:
b b b b b b b b
A) increased cell protein synthesis. b b b
B) altered cell volume regulation. b b b
C) passive entry of potassium into the cell. b b b b b b
D) bleb formation in the plasma membrane.
b b b b b
Adiabetic patient has impaired sensation, circulation, and oxygenation of his feet. He steps on a
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
piece of glass, the wound does not heal, and the area tissue becomes necrotic. The necrotic cell
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
9. death is characterized by:
b b b b
A) rapid apoptosis. b
B) cellular rupture. b
C) shrinkage and collapse. b b
D) chronic inflammation. b
A 99-year-old woman has experienced the decline of cell function associated with age. A group of
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
10. theories of cellular aging focus on programmed:
b b b b b b b
A) changes with genetic influences. b b b
B) elimination of cell receptor sites. b b b b
C) insufficient telomerase enzyme. b b
b b D) DNA mutation or faulty repair. b b b b
An 89-year-old female patient has experienced significant decreases in her mobility and stamina
b b b b b b b b b b b b
during a 3-week hospital stay for the treatment of a femoral head fracture. Which of
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
the following phenomena most likely accounts for the patients decrease in muscle function that
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
11. underlies her reduced mobility?
b b b b
A) Impaired muscle cell metabolism resulting from metaplasia b b b b b b
B) Dysplasia as a consequence of inflammation during bone remodeling b b b b b b b b
C) Disuse atrophy of muscle cells during a prolonged period of immobility
b b b b b b b b b b
D) Ischemic atrophy resulting from vascular changes while on bedrest b b b b b b b b
, A 20-year-old college student has presented to her campus medical clinic for a scheduled
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
Papanicolaou (Pap) smear. The clinician who will interpret the smear will examine cell samples
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
12. for evidence of:
b b b
A) changes in cell shape, size, and organization. b b b b b b
B) the presence of unexpected cell types.
b b b b b
b b C) ischemic changes in cell samples. b b b b
D) abnormally high numbers of cells in a specified field. b b b b b b b b
Which of the following pathophysiologic processes is most likely to result in metastatic
b b b b b b b b b b b b
b b 13. calcification?
b
A) Benign prostatic hyperplasia b b
B) Liver cirrhosis b
C) Impaired glycogen metabolism b b
D) Hyperparathyroidism
Despite the low levels of radiation used in contemporary radiologic imaging, a radiology
b b b b b b b b b b b b
technician is aware ofthe need to minimize her exposure to ionizing radiation. What is the primary
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
14. rationale for the technicians precautions?
b b b b b
A) Radiation stimulates pathologic cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia. b b b b b b
B) Radiation results in the accumulation of endogenous waste products in the cytoplasm.
b b b b b b b b b b b
C) Radiation interferes with DNA synthesis and mitosis. b b b b b b
D) Radiation decreases the action potential of rapidly dividing cells. b b b b b b b b
The parents of a 4-year-old girl have sought care because their daughter has admitted to chewing
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
and swallowing imported toy figurines that have been determined to be made of lead. Which of the
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
15. following blood tests should the care team prioritize?
b b b b b b b b
b b A) White blood cell levels with differential b b b b b
B) Red blood cell levels and morphology
b b b b b
C) Urea and creatinine levels
b b b
D) Liver function panel b b
A 70-year-old male patient has been admitted to a hospital for the treatment of a recent
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
hemorrhagic stroke that has left him with numerous motor and sensory deficits. These deficits are
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
16. most likely the result of which of the following mechanisms of cell injury?
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
A) Free radical injury b b
B) Hypoxia and ATP depletion b b b
C) Interference with DNA synthesis b b b
D) Impaired calcium homeostasis b b
