CML CORE EXAM MANUAL QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
2025/2026 ALL GRADED A+
✔✔Blast phase - ✔✔In this phase of CML, there's high mortality rate
✔✔Blast phase - ✔✔In this phase of CML, patients have transitioned from CML to AML
✔✔>20 % - ✔✔Blast percentage in blast phase
✔✔Compete blood count with peripheral blood smear - ✔✔This test is used to measure
the number red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets in a sample of blood.
✔✔Compete blood count with peripheral blood smear - ✔✔General screening test for
CML
✔✔Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy - ✔✔These tests are used to examine marrow
cells to find abnormalities and are generally done at the same time.
✔✔Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy - ✔✔In this test, a special needle is inserted
through the hip bone and into the marrow to remove a liquid sample of cells.
✔✔Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy - ✔✔In this test, the diagnosis is based on the
percentage of blast cells and the presence of specific types of granulocytes in the
marrow.
✔✔Patient's hip bone - ✔✔In the bone marrow aspiration and biopsy test, in which part
of the body is the sample to be test taken from?
✔✔Quantitative polymerase chain reaction - ✔✔Gold standard test for detecting CML
✔✔Quantitative polymerase chain reaction - ✔✔This test provides a quantitative
measure of the BCR-ABL1 transcripts, allowing for accurate assessment of disease
burden and monitoring of treatment response.
✔✔Quantitative polymerase chain reaction - ✔✔is highly sensitive and specific, capable
of detecting and quantifying very low levels of BCR-ABL1 transcripts.
✔✔Quantitative polymerase chain reaction - ✔✔This test is essential for monitoring
minimal residual disease (MRD) and assessing treatment response.
✔✔Quantitative polymerase chain reaction - ✔✔is used for detecting RNA, it is
frequently used for quantifying the amount of complementary DNA (cDNA) synthesized
from the BCR-ABL1 fusion transcripts during the reverse transcription step.
, ✔✔Quantitative polymerase chain reaction - ✔✔The qPCR reaction then amplifies and
quantifies the cDNA.
✔✔FISH - ✔✔is a molecular technique used to detect specific genetic abnormalities,
including the characteristic translocation associated with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
(CML), which is the t(9;22) translocation leading to the BCR-ABL1 fusion gene
✔✔Fluorescent probes - ✔✔are designed to target specific DNA sequences involved in
the translocation.
✔✔FISH - ✔✔This analysis of this test provides information about the presence or
absence of the BCR-ABL1 fusion gene and its location on the chromosomes.
✔✔FISH - ✔✔The analysis of this test can also reveal the number of copies of the
fusion gene, which may have diagnostic and prognostic implications.
✔✔Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase - ✔✔This test is a laboratory test that has
historically been used to help differentiate Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) from other
leukemias.
✔✔Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase - ✔✔The test measures the activity of alkaline
phosphatase, an enzyme present in white blood cells.
✔✔White blood cells - ✔✔Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase measures the activity of
alkaline phosphatase, an enzyme present in ____
✔✔Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase - ✔✔In this test, the smear is stained with a
substrate solution containing naphthol AS-BI phosphate and fast blue RR.
✔✔Naphthol AS-phosphate and fast blue RR - ✔✔In Leukocyte Alkaline phosphatase
test, the smear is stained with what substrate solution?
✔✔Leukemoid reaction
Neutophilia
Polycythemia Vera
Myelofibrosis
Aplastic anemia
Mongolism
Hairy cell leukemia
Hodgkin disease - ✔✔What are the diseases with increased LAP score?
✔✔CML
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)
Sickle cell anemia
2025/2026 ALL GRADED A+
✔✔Blast phase - ✔✔In this phase of CML, there's high mortality rate
✔✔Blast phase - ✔✔In this phase of CML, patients have transitioned from CML to AML
✔✔>20 % - ✔✔Blast percentage in blast phase
✔✔Compete blood count with peripheral blood smear - ✔✔This test is used to measure
the number red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets in a sample of blood.
✔✔Compete blood count with peripheral blood smear - ✔✔General screening test for
CML
✔✔Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy - ✔✔These tests are used to examine marrow
cells to find abnormalities and are generally done at the same time.
✔✔Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy - ✔✔In this test, a special needle is inserted
through the hip bone and into the marrow to remove a liquid sample of cells.
✔✔Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy - ✔✔In this test, the diagnosis is based on the
percentage of blast cells and the presence of specific types of granulocytes in the
marrow.
✔✔Patient's hip bone - ✔✔In the bone marrow aspiration and biopsy test, in which part
of the body is the sample to be test taken from?
✔✔Quantitative polymerase chain reaction - ✔✔Gold standard test for detecting CML
✔✔Quantitative polymerase chain reaction - ✔✔This test provides a quantitative
measure of the BCR-ABL1 transcripts, allowing for accurate assessment of disease
burden and monitoring of treatment response.
✔✔Quantitative polymerase chain reaction - ✔✔is highly sensitive and specific, capable
of detecting and quantifying very low levels of BCR-ABL1 transcripts.
✔✔Quantitative polymerase chain reaction - ✔✔This test is essential for monitoring
minimal residual disease (MRD) and assessing treatment response.
✔✔Quantitative polymerase chain reaction - ✔✔is used for detecting RNA, it is
frequently used for quantifying the amount of complementary DNA (cDNA) synthesized
from the BCR-ABL1 fusion transcripts during the reverse transcription step.
, ✔✔Quantitative polymerase chain reaction - ✔✔The qPCR reaction then amplifies and
quantifies the cDNA.
✔✔FISH - ✔✔is a molecular technique used to detect specific genetic abnormalities,
including the characteristic translocation associated with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
(CML), which is the t(9;22) translocation leading to the BCR-ABL1 fusion gene
✔✔Fluorescent probes - ✔✔are designed to target specific DNA sequences involved in
the translocation.
✔✔FISH - ✔✔This analysis of this test provides information about the presence or
absence of the BCR-ABL1 fusion gene and its location on the chromosomes.
✔✔FISH - ✔✔The analysis of this test can also reveal the number of copies of the
fusion gene, which may have diagnostic and prognostic implications.
✔✔Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase - ✔✔This test is a laboratory test that has
historically been used to help differentiate Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) from other
leukemias.
✔✔Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase - ✔✔The test measures the activity of alkaline
phosphatase, an enzyme present in white blood cells.
✔✔White blood cells - ✔✔Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase measures the activity of
alkaline phosphatase, an enzyme present in ____
✔✔Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase - ✔✔In this test, the smear is stained with a
substrate solution containing naphthol AS-BI phosphate and fast blue RR.
✔✔Naphthol AS-phosphate and fast blue RR - ✔✔In Leukocyte Alkaline phosphatase
test, the smear is stained with what substrate solution?
✔✔Leukemoid reaction
Neutophilia
Polycythemia Vera
Myelofibrosis
Aplastic anemia
Mongolism
Hairy cell leukemia
Hodgkin disease - ✔✔What are the diseases with increased LAP score?
✔✔CML
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)
Sickle cell anemia
