Management Models Test Questions
and All Correct Answers 2025\2026
Version.
Comfort Zone - Answer Long-establish behaviors, habits. Invisible to us
Schema - Answer An organized pattern of thought or behavior
Disconfirming Data - Answer A challenge to our self-concept because it says what we just did
doesn't work anymore.
Pulls us away from our baseline behavior and signal we should try something new.
We have a choice of whether or not to accept it.
If we accept it, it leads to experimentation and change.
General Change Process - Answer 1. Current Comfort Zone
2. Encounter New Data
3. Dis-confirming Data
4. Hurt or Pain
5. Deny, Distort, Discount, Ignore
6. Return to Baseline Behavior
Factors Involved in Personal Change - Answer Skills
Personal appearance
Health
Finance
Attitude
Education
Living situation
Forms of Denial - Answer 1. Reject message
, Result of Change - Answer You give up an investment of time, energy, and emotion in a
pattern that no longer works well.
Factors Involved in Small/Team Group Change - Answer Priorities change
Team members change
Techniques change
Role of Outside Help in Managing Change - Answer Assembling and presenting the dis-
confirming data; more objective than internal, view data differently, better validity.
Identifying alternative courses of action: can see other ways of doing this more clearly,
developing a new view of what is possible.
Interpreting data from the new experiment: more objective interpretation, less bias.
Leading the Change Process - Answer 1. Clarifying disconfirming data
2. Building a change team
3. Designing and leading change experiments
4. Relentlessly reinforcing results with the vision
Michael Beer's Change Equation - Answer This is a very useful model because it tells us that
unless people are unhappy with the way things are, they aren't likely to change, and even if
they're unhappy, unless they can see a way to change things and how they want to change
things, they aren't likely to engage in the process. Change leaders can see in this approach
specific things they can do to raise the probability of success.
Change Agent - Answer One who causes the change to begin in a person or an organization.
Maybe CEO or leader or may be an outside consulting firm.
Change Manager - Answer Person who has the day-today responsibilities of implementing and
overseeing the change effort.
Change Model - Answer Person who exemplifies the change effort.
Changees - Answer People who are being asked to change what they do and how they do it.