ANSWERS 2025/2026 ALL RATED A+
✔✔breach of contract - ✔✔occurs when one of the parties fails to satisfy all of its
obligations under a contract
✔✔negligence - ✔✔an action, willful or unwillful, taken without proper care or
consideration for safety, resulting in damages to property or injury to persons
✔✔misrepresentation - ✔✔an intentionally false statement known to be false at the time
it is made
✔✔tort - ✔✔a civil wrong committed by one person causing damage to another person
or person's property, emotional well-being, or reputation
✔✔standard of care - ✔✔refers to the degree of attentiveness, caution and prudence
that a reasonable person in the circumstances would exercise. Failure to meet this
standard is negligence
✔✔general or compensatory damages - ✔✔are awarded to make up for the injury that
was sustained
✔✔special damages - ✔✔are awarded for the direct financial loss due to the breach of
contract
✔✔nominal damages - ✔✔are awarded when responsibility has been established but
the injury is so slight as to be inconsequential
✔✔liquidated damages - ✔✔are amounts that are specified in the contract document
itself for nonperformance
✔✔punitive or exemplary damages - ✔✔are awarded, usually in tort or fraud cases, to
punish and make an example of the defendant
✔✔consequential damages - ✔✔provide compensation for indirect losses incurred by
the injured party but not directly related to the contract
✔✔strict liability in tort - ✔✔the injured party wins if the injury can be proven. It must be
shown that the product had a defect causing the injury
✔✔material breach of contract - ✔✔include failure of the owner to make payments, the
owner causing delays, the owner declaring bankruptcy, the contractor abandoning the
job, or the contractor getting substantially off schedule
, ✔✔boilerplate clause - ✔✔must be included in order to recover damages due to delay
✔✔ethics - ✔✔are rules of conduct recognized in respect to a particular class of human
actions or governing a particular group, culture, and so on
✔✔canon - ✔✔an individual principle or body of principles, rules, standards, or norms
✔✔1) Engineers shall hold paramount the safety, health, and welfare of the public and
shall strive to comply with principles of sustainable development in the performance of
their professional duties
2) Engineers shall perform services only in areas of their competence
3) Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner
4) Engineers shall act in professional matters for each employer or client as faithful
agents or trustees and shall avoid conflicts of interest
5) Engineers shall build their professional reputation on the merit of their services and
shall not compete unfairly with others
6) Engineers shall act in such a manner as to uphold and enhance the honor, integrity,
and dignity of the engineering profession and shall act with zero tolerance for bribery,
fraud, and corruption
7) Engineers shall continue their professional development throughout their careers and
shall provide oppor - ✔✔ASCE code of ethics
✔✔sustainability - ✔✔any design or development that seeks to minimize negative
impacts on the environment so that the present generation's resource needs do not
compromise the resource needs of a future generation
✔✔1) society and the public
2) the law
3) the engineering profession
4) the engineer's client
5) the engineer's firm
6) other involved engineers
7) the engineer personally - ✔✔The ethics of engineers dealing with others need to be
considered in the following order from HIGHEST to LOWEST priority:
✔✔whistle-blowing - ✔✔calling public attention to illegal actions taken in the past or
being taken currently by your employer
✔✔State laws - ✔✔provides the authority for professional practice
✔✔NCEES - ✔✔writes the examinations used by the states
✔✔ABET - ✔✔accredits four-year degree programs