LECTURE № 7. “INFLAMMATION. GENERAL PATHOLOGY.
ACUTE INFLAMMATION”
Inflammation – reaction of living tissue to all forms of injury and involves vascular,
neurologic, humoral and cellular responses at the site of injury.
Classification:
1.Acute (exudative) inflammation.
2.Chronic (proliferative) inflammation.
Significance:
Inflammation is a protective response intended to initial cause of cell injury as well
as the necrotic cells and tissues as a consequence of such injury. During repair the
damaged tissue is replaced by regeneration of parenchymal cells or by filling of the
defect with fibrous scar tissue (scarring). Although inflammation helps clear infections,
and along with repair, makes wound healing possible, both inflammation and repair
have considerable potential to cause harm.
Causes of inflammation:
I.Exogenic factors:
1.Physical agents: trauma, foreign body, heat and cold, pressure, electricity, X-rays.
2.Chemical irritants: strong acids, alkalies, poisons.
3.Ischemia and hypoxia.
4.Immune reactions due to disturbances of immunity.
5.Microbiological agents: viruses, bacteria, animal parasites.
II.Endogenic factors.
Terminology of inflammation:
Term is designated by attaching the suffix “-itis” to the name (latin or greek) of organ
or tissue:
Gastritis – inflammation of stomach;
Hepatitis – inflammation of liver;
Nephritis – inflammation of kidney;
Proctitis – inflammation of rectum;
Dermatitis – inflammation of skin etc.
Exceptions:
Angina – inflammation of throat;
Pneumonia – inflammation of lungs;
Furuncle – inflammation of hair follicle etc.
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ACUTE INFLAMMATION”
Inflammation – reaction of living tissue to all forms of injury and involves vascular,
neurologic, humoral and cellular responses at the site of injury.
Classification:
1.Acute (exudative) inflammation.
2.Chronic (proliferative) inflammation.
Significance:
Inflammation is a protective response intended to initial cause of cell injury as well
as the necrotic cells and tissues as a consequence of such injury. During repair the
damaged tissue is replaced by regeneration of parenchymal cells or by filling of the
defect with fibrous scar tissue (scarring). Although inflammation helps clear infections,
and along with repair, makes wound healing possible, both inflammation and repair
have considerable potential to cause harm.
Causes of inflammation:
I.Exogenic factors:
1.Physical agents: trauma, foreign body, heat and cold, pressure, electricity, X-rays.
2.Chemical irritants: strong acids, alkalies, poisons.
3.Ischemia and hypoxia.
4.Immune reactions due to disturbances of immunity.
5.Microbiological agents: viruses, bacteria, animal parasites.
II.Endogenic factors.
Terminology of inflammation:
Term is designated by attaching the suffix “-itis” to the name (latin or greek) of organ
or tissue:
Gastritis – inflammation of stomach;
Hepatitis – inflammation of liver;
Nephritis – inflammation of kidney;
Proctitis – inflammation of rectum;
Dermatitis – inflammation of skin etc.
Exceptions:
Angina – inflammation of throat;
Pneumonia – inflammation of lungs;
Furuncle – inflammation of hair follicle etc.
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