SOBC EXAM 2 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
A __ is any skill that you are teaching to a client - Answer -target
2 main ways to select target behaviors - Answer -1. Norm-referenced
2. Client specific
In the ___ approach, target skills are selected with reference to the client's age -
Answer -normative approach
In the ___ approach, target skills are selected for their immediate relevance to the
client's life - Answer -client-specific approach
In the normative approach, target skills are selected __ - Answer -with reference to the
client's age
In the client-specific approach, target skills are selected __ - Answer -for their
immediate relevance to the client's life
T/F: Targets that are particularly relevant to the client are generalized and maintained
more than those that are not - Answer -true
Why are targets that are particularly relevant to the client generalized and maintained
more than those that are not - Answer -Because the client cares about these skills
more so they are more likely to work harder and maintain over time
___ targets have both an immediate and long-term benefit for the client - Answer -
Socially significant targets
Hawkins (1979) conceptualizes assessment as a five phase process.
Name the five phases of assessment - Answer -1. Screening
2. Defining and quantifying problems and establishing outcome criteria
3. Identifying target skill
4. Progress monitoring
5. Follow up
What are the two significant considerations to make before an assessment occurs -
Answer -1. Who has the authority, permission, resources, and skills to assess and
intervene with an individual?
,2. What sources of information and/or records are available to understand the client as
a whole?
What kind of assessment uses interviews - Answer -indirect assessment
What kind of assessment uses checklists - Answer -indirect assessment
What kind of assessment uses rating scales - Answer -indirect assessment
T/F: Indirect assessment methods can be conducted with the client and/or relevant
stakeholders - Answer -true
____ questions ask the informant to comment freely and without restriction on the
targets - Answer -Open-ended questions
____ questions require the informant to respond using some form of a Likert scale or
forced choice measure - Answer -Close-ended questions
____ questions are good at soliciting relatively unbiased information but run the risk of
resulting in too much information that may not be relevant - Answer -Open-ended
questions
_____ questions are good at efficiently soliciting specific information but run the risk of
"pigeon-holing" the informant into responding a certain way - Answer -Close-ended
questions
____ interviews (with the client or stakeholders) are an important step in identifying
potential targets to focus on during an evaluation - Answer -Behavioral interviews
T/F: Behavioral interviews can be done with the client or stakeholders - Answer -true
Tests that are commonly used in the assessment of communication - Answer -
Standardized tests
Type of test that involve the same stimuli presented and scored in the same way across
clients and examiners - Answer -Standardized tests
Assessments that measure an individual's performance relative to expectations for a
given age or age range - Answer -Criterion-referenced assessments
Assessments that are especially helpful for school-age clients because they
theoretically are a direct reflection of the skills a client is expected to be performing -
Answer -Curriculum-based assessments
Spelling tests are a good example of which type of assessment - Answer -a curriculum-
based assessment
,___ observations give us a better understanding of the relationship between a client's
environment and their behavior - Answer -Anecdotal observations
____ observations can be structured using an Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence
format - Answer -Anecdotal observations
T/F: Observer reactivity is usually temporary - Answer -true
T/F: Targets should not be selected solely because they will benefit the lives of other
people in the client's environment - Answer -true
When selecting targets, what question should you ask? - Answer -To what extent will
changing this behavior improve the client's life experience?
Hegde (1998) recommends the following four considerations for selecting between and
prioritizing target skills for intervention:
Select skills that will make ___ - Answer -an immediate and socially significant
difference in the client's communication
Hegde (1998) recommends the following four considerations for selecting between and
prioritizing target skills for intervention:
Select targets that lend themselves to ___ - Answer -further expansion
Hegde (1998) recommends the following four considerations for selecting between and
prioritizing target skills for intervention:
Select skills that are_____ for the client - Answer -linguistically and culturally
appropriate
Hegde (1998) recommends the following four considerations for selecting between and
prioritizing target skills for intervention:
Select skills that are ___ for the client's current abilities - Answer -appropriately
complex
Other questions to ask when selecting targets for treatment include:
Will this behavior produce _____? - Answer -reinforcement in the client's natural
environment after treatment ends
Other questions to ask when selecting targets for treatment include:
Is learning this behavior a necessary ____? - Answer -prerequisite for a useful skill
, Other questions to ask when selecting targets for treatment include:
Will this behavior increase the client's ___? - Answer -access to environments where
other important skills can be learned and used
Other questions to ask when selecting targets for treatment include:
Will changing this behavior predispose others to ___? - Answer -interact with the client
more appropriately
Other questions to ask when selecting targets for treatment include:
Is this behavior a ____ or ____? - Answer -behavioral cusp or pivotal behavior
Other questions to ask when selecting targets for treatment include:
Is this behavior ____? - Answer -age-appropriate
Other questions to ask when selecting targets for treatment include:
If we're reducing a behavior, what will ___? - Answer -replace it
Other questions to ask when selecting targets for treatment include:
Is this behavior really what we ___? - Answer -want to address or is it indirectly related
A _____ occurs when a client learns a new behavior that allows them to access
reinforcers that would not have otherwise been available to them. - Answer -behavioral
cusp
A ____ is one that produces corresponding changes in untrained behaviors - Answer -
pivotal behavior
A baby learning to crawl is an example of a ___
a. behavioral cusp
b. pivotal behavior - Answer -a. behavioral cusp
Choice making is an example of a __
a. behavioral cusp
b. pivotal behavior - Answer -b. pivotal behavior
Self regulation is an example of a __
A __ is any skill that you are teaching to a client - Answer -target
2 main ways to select target behaviors - Answer -1. Norm-referenced
2. Client specific
In the ___ approach, target skills are selected with reference to the client's age -
Answer -normative approach
In the ___ approach, target skills are selected for their immediate relevance to the
client's life - Answer -client-specific approach
In the normative approach, target skills are selected __ - Answer -with reference to the
client's age
In the client-specific approach, target skills are selected __ - Answer -for their
immediate relevance to the client's life
T/F: Targets that are particularly relevant to the client are generalized and maintained
more than those that are not - Answer -true
Why are targets that are particularly relevant to the client generalized and maintained
more than those that are not - Answer -Because the client cares about these skills
more so they are more likely to work harder and maintain over time
___ targets have both an immediate and long-term benefit for the client - Answer -
Socially significant targets
Hawkins (1979) conceptualizes assessment as a five phase process.
Name the five phases of assessment - Answer -1. Screening
2. Defining and quantifying problems and establishing outcome criteria
3. Identifying target skill
4. Progress monitoring
5. Follow up
What are the two significant considerations to make before an assessment occurs -
Answer -1. Who has the authority, permission, resources, and skills to assess and
intervene with an individual?
,2. What sources of information and/or records are available to understand the client as
a whole?
What kind of assessment uses interviews - Answer -indirect assessment
What kind of assessment uses checklists - Answer -indirect assessment
What kind of assessment uses rating scales - Answer -indirect assessment
T/F: Indirect assessment methods can be conducted with the client and/or relevant
stakeholders - Answer -true
____ questions ask the informant to comment freely and without restriction on the
targets - Answer -Open-ended questions
____ questions require the informant to respond using some form of a Likert scale or
forced choice measure - Answer -Close-ended questions
____ questions are good at soliciting relatively unbiased information but run the risk of
resulting in too much information that may not be relevant - Answer -Open-ended
questions
_____ questions are good at efficiently soliciting specific information but run the risk of
"pigeon-holing" the informant into responding a certain way - Answer -Close-ended
questions
____ interviews (with the client or stakeholders) are an important step in identifying
potential targets to focus on during an evaluation - Answer -Behavioral interviews
T/F: Behavioral interviews can be done with the client or stakeholders - Answer -true
Tests that are commonly used in the assessment of communication - Answer -
Standardized tests
Type of test that involve the same stimuli presented and scored in the same way across
clients and examiners - Answer -Standardized tests
Assessments that measure an individual's performance relative to expectations for a
given age or age range - Answer -Criterion-referenced assessments
Assessments that are especially helpful for school-age clients because they
theoretically are a direct reflection of the skills a client is expected to be performing -
Answer -Curriculum-based assessments
Spelling tests are a good example of which type of assessment - Answer -a curriculum-
based assessment
,___ observations give us a better understanding of the relationship between a client's
environment and their behavior - Answer -Anecdotal observations
____ observations can be structured using an Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence
format - Answer -Anecdotal observations
T/F: Observer reactivity is usually temporary - Answer -true
T/F: Targets should not be selected solely because they will benefit the lives of other
people in the client's environment - Answer -true
When selecting targets, what question should you ask? - Answer -To what extent will
changing this behavior improve the client's life experience?
Hegde (1998) recommends the following four considerations for selecting between and
prioritizing target skills for intervention:
Select skills that will make ___ - Answer -an immediate and socially significant
difference in the client's communication
Hegde (1998) recommends the following four considerations for selecting between and
prioritizing target skills for intervention:
Select targets that lend themselves to ___ - Answer -further expansion
Hegde (1998) recommends the following four considerations for selecting between and
prioritizing target skills for intervention:
Select skills that are_____ for the client - Answer -linguistically and culturally
appropriate
Hegde (1998) recommends the following four considerations for selecting between and
prioritizing target skills for intervention:
Select skills that are ___ for the client's current abilities - Answer -appropriately
complex
Other questions to ask when selecting targets for treatment include:
Will this behavior produce _____? - Answer -reinforcement in the client's natural
environment after treatment ends
Other questions to ask when selecting targets for treatment include:
Is learning this behavior a necessary ____? - Answer -prerequisite for a useful skill
, Other questions to ask when selecting targets for treatment include:
Will this behavior increase the client's ___? - Answer -access to environments where
other important skills can be learned and used
Other questions to ask when selecting targets for treatment include:
Will changing this behavior predispose others to ___? - Answer -interact with the client
more appropriately
Other questions to ask when selecting targets for treatment include:
Is this behavior a ____ or ____? - Answer -behavioral cusp or pivotal behavior
Other questions to ask when selecting targets for treatment include:
Is this behavior ____? - Answer -age-appropriate
Other questions to ask when selecting targets for treatment include:
If we're reducing a behavior, what will ___? - Answer -replace it
Other questions to ask when selecting targets for treatment include:
Is this behavior really what we ___? - Answer -want to address or is it indirectly related
A _____ occurs when a client learns a new behavior that allows them to access
reinforcers that would not have otherwise been available to them. - Answer -behavioral
cusp
A ____ is one that produces corresponding changes in untrained behaviors - Answer -
pivotal behavior
A baby learning to crawl is an example of a ___
a. behavioral cusp
b. pivotal behavior - Answer -a. behavioral cusp
Choice making is an example of a __
a. behavioral cusp
b. pivotal behavior - Answer -b. pivotal behavior
Self regulation is an example of a __
