ATI RN Pharmacology
Retake 2025/2026 – Verified
100% Correct Questions with
Rationales | Graded A+
(Proventus)
1. A nurse is administering lisinopril to a client with hypertension. Which side
effect should the nurse monitor for?
A. Hyperglycemia
B. Dry cough
C. Bradycardia
D. Constipation
Rationale: Lisinopril, an ACE inhibitor, commonly causes a dry cough due to bradykinin
accumulation (10–20% incidence). Dosage safety requires monitoring renal function (eGFR >30
mL/min); patient teaching includes reporting persistent cough to switch to an ARB if needed.
2. A nurse is preparing to administer insulin glargine. What is the correct time
for administration?
A. Before breakfast
B. At bedtime
C. After meals
D. Every 6 hours
Rationale: Glargine, a long-acting insulin, is dosed once daily at bedtime to provide 24-hour
basal coverage (ADA 2025). Dosage safety involves consistent timing to avoid hypoglycemia;
patient teaching includes site rotation to prevent lipodystrophy.
,3. A nurse is teaching a client about warfarin. Which food should the client
limit?
A. Apples
B. Spinach
C. White rice
D. Chicken
Rationale: Spinach, high in vitamin K, antagonizes warfarin’s anticoagulant effect, risking
subtherapeutic INR (2–3 target). Dosage safety requires weekly INR checks; patient teaching
emphasizes consistent vitamin K intake to maintain therapeutic levels.
4. A nurse is administering IV vancomycin. What is the minimum infusion time
to prevent red man syndrome?
A. 30 minutes
B. 60 minutes
C. 15 minutes
D. 2 hours
Rationale: Vancomycin infused over ≥60 minutes prevents histamine-mediated red man
syndrome (flushing, rash). Dosage safety requires trough levels (10–20 mcg/mL); patient
teaching includes reporting rash or hearing loss (ototoxicity risk).
5. A nurse is reviewing metformin for a client with type 2 diabetes. Which lab
should be monitored?
A. INR
B. Creatinine
C. AST/ALT
D. TSH
Rationale: Metformin is renally excreted; creatinine monitoring (eGFR >30 mL/min) ensures
safety to avoid lactic acidosis (FDA 2025 warning). Patient teaching includes reporting nausea or
muscle pain, indicating potential toxicity.
6. A nurse is administering morphine to a client with pain. Which side effect
requires immediate intervention?
, A. Dry mouth
B. Nausea
C. Respiratory rate 8/min
D. Constipation
Rationale: Morphine’s opioid receptor agonism depresses respiration (rate <12/min is critical).
Dosage safety limits initial doses (2–4 mg IV); patient teaching includes naloxone use for
overdose and avoiding alcohol to prevent additive CNS depression.
7. A nurse is teaching a client about levothyroxine. When should the dose be
taken?
A. With meals
B. On an empty stomach
C. At bedtime
D. After exercise
Rationale: Levothyroxine is best absorbed on an empty stomach (30–60 min before breakfast) to
maximize bioavailability (Endocrine Society 2025). Dosage safety monitors TSH (0.4–4.0
mU/L); patient teaching includes avoiding calcium/iron supplements concurrently.
8. A nurse is preparing to administer heparin IV. Which lab value guides dosing?
A. INR
B. aPTT
C. Platelet count
D. Creatinine
Rationale: Heparin prolongs aPTT (target 1.5–2.5x control); monitoring ensures therapeutic
anticoagulation (ASH 2025). Dosage safety adjusts every 6 hours; patient teaching includes
reporting bruising or bleeding.
9. A nurse is teaching a client about atorvastatin. Which side effect should be
reported immediately?
A. Headache
B. Muscle pain
C. Nausea
D. Fatigue
Retake 2025/2026 – Verified
100% Correct Questions with
Rationales | Graded A+
(Proventus)
1. A nurse is administering lisinopril to a client with hypertension. Which side
effect should the nurse monitor for?
A. Hyperglycemia
B. Dry cough
C. Bradycardia
D. Constipation
Rationale: Lisinopril, an ACE inhibitor, commonly causes a dry cough due to bradykinin
accumulation (10–20% incidence). Dosage safety requires monitoring renal function (eGFR >30
mL/min); patient teaching includes reporting persistent cough to switch to an ARB if needed.
2. A nurse is preparing to administer insulin glargine. What is the correct time
for administration?
A. Before breakfast
B. At bedtime
C. After meals
D. Every 6 hours
Rationale: Glargine, a long-acting insulin, is dosed once daily at bedtime to provide 24-hour
basal coverage (ADA 2025). Dosage safety involves consistent timing to avoid hypoglycemia;
patient teaching includes site rotation to prevent lipodystrophy.
,3. A nurse is teaching a client about warfarin. Which food should the client
limit?
A. Apples
B. Spinach
C. White rice
D. Chicken
Rationale: Spinach, high in vitamin K, antagonizes warfarin’s anticoagulant effect, risking
subtherapeutic INR (2–3 target). Dosage safety requires weekly INR checks; patient teaching
emphasizes consistent vitamin K intake to maintain therapeutic levels.
4. A nurse is administering IV vancomycin. What is the minimum infusion time
to prevent red man syndrome?
A. 30 minutes
B. 60 minutes
C. 15 minutes
D. 2 hours
Rationale: Vancomycin infused over ≥60 minutes prevents histamine-mediated red man
syndrome (flushing, rash). Dosage safety requires trough levels (10–20 mcg/mL); patient
teaching includes reporting rash or hearing loss (ototoxicity risk).
5. A nurse is reviewing metformin for a client with type 2 diabetes. Which lab
should be monitored?
A. INR
B. Creatinine
C. AST/ALT
D. TSH
Rationale: Metformin is renally excreted; creatinine monitoring (eGFR >30 mL/min) ensures
safety to avoid lactic acidosis (FDA 2025 warning). Patient teaching includes reporting nausea or
muscle pain, indicating potential toxicity.
6. A nurse is administering morphine to a client with pain. Which side effect
requires immediate intervention?
, A. Dry mouth
B. Nausea
C. Respiratory rate 8/min
D. Constipation
Rationale: Morphine’s opioid receptor agonism depresses respiration (rate <12/min is critical).
Dosage safety limits initial doses (2–4 mg IV); patient teaching includes naloxone use for
overdose and avoiding alcohol to prevent additive CNS depression.
7. A nurse is teaching a client about levothyroxine. When should the dose be
taken?
A. With meals
B. On an empty stomach
C. At bedtime
D. After exercise
Rationale: Levothyroxine is best absorbed on an empty stomach (30–60 min before breakfast) to
maximize bioavailability (Endocrine Society 2025). Dosage safety monitors TSH (0.4–4.0
mU/L); patient teaching includes avoiding calcium/iron supplements concurrently.
8. A nurse is preparing to administer heparin IV. Which lab value guides dosing?
A. INR
B. aPTT
C. Platelet count
D. Creatinine
Rationale: Heparin prolongs aPTT (target 1.5–2.5x control); monitoring ensures therapeutic
anticoagulation (ASH 2025). Dosage safety adjusts every 6 hours; patient teaching includes
reporting bruising or bleeding.
9. A nurse is teaching a client about atorvastatin. Which side effect should be
reported immediately?
A. Headache
B. Muscle pain
C. Nausea
D. Fatigue
