1
EXAM 1 MED SURG GALEN 2025/2026 LATEST QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS 100% ACCURATE SOLUTIONS FOR GUARANTEED
SUCCESS | EXPERT-VERIFIED, GRADED A+
Quality
Sharp, dull, achy, throbbing
Radiation
Does it radiate to another part of the body
Severity
Pain scale, 1-10 scale, intense pain, Other symptoms: N/V, photophobia
Time
how long has it been going on? how long does it usually last?
Tension Headache
Bandlike, tightness
What are the three main types of headaches?
Migraine, Tension, Cluster
Steps to Pain Assessment
Provoking
Quality
Radiation
Severity
, 2
Time
Provoking
has anything made it better or worse
Describe a Migraine
Unilateral, supra and retro orbital, pulsating or throbbing, worse with movement,
sensitivity with light and sounds
Cluster
Lancinationg or stabbing, 5-30 minutes. Extreme pain
Migraine Pathophysiology
Pathophysiology - Not entirely clear.; theories?
Prevalence: May be seen in children and adults; Among children more common in
boys; among adults more common in women.
History of patient with migraine: Otherwise healthy, usually female in 30's
Individualized triggers (stress, smells, foods, hormones, menses)
Tyramine rich foods- chocolate, cheeses, beer, wine, cigar, sweet and low.
Treatment for Migraine
Vasoconstriction works the best, irritation of the 5th cranial nerve, Estrogen
hormone can causes migraines.
Migraine Manifestations
Manifestations
Pain: Usually unilateral, supra/retro-orbital, pulsating. Worse with movement.
Accompanied by non-h/a symptoms: N/V, photophobia, phonophobia,
Aura: (20% of cases):
Migraine Interventions
, 3
Pain management
Symptom management
Ex. Pitch black, turn off all the lights, N/V causes dehydration
Migraine Drug Therapy
APAP/Caffeine/ Butabital (Fioricet)
NSAIDS : Naprosyn
CCBs and Beta- Blockers (Preventative therapy) : Verapamil
Triptans and ergotamine's: Sumatriptan and Cafergot
Anticonvulsants (Preventative therapy): Topiramate
Botox Injections (monthly)
Magnesium
Migraine Complementary and alternative therapies
Acupuncture, Yoga, Stress reduction activities, Supplemental mag, Distraction
sometimes works.
Pound acronym
P:Pulsating
O:Duration
U: Unilateral location
N: N/V
D: Disabling
Epilepsy
Chronic disorder with two or more seizures experienced by the client.
Epilepsy Assessment
, 4
Inquire about the seizure activity, frequency, precipitating factors, aura (pre-ictal
phase).
Family history
Collateral medical conditions (hx stroke, HTN, TBI, drug/alcohol abuse)
Seizure risk factors
V: Vascular
I: Infection or Inherited conditions
T: Trauma
A: Alzheimers/Autoimmune
M: Metabolic derangements
I: Idiopathic
N: Neoplasm
S: pSychiatric
Epilepsy Triggers
Sleep deprivation
Stress
Alcohol/ Alcohol Withdrawl
MSG
pg 878 Chart 42-9
Aura
Seizures often preceded by an aura; it is unique to that patient, not every patient
has them.
Somatic: rising epigastric sensation
Hallucinations: Visual, gustatory, olfactory
EXAM 1 MED SURG GALEN 2025/2026 LATEST QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS 100% ACCURATE SOLUTIONS FOR GUARANTEED
SUCCESS | EXPERT-VERIFIED, GRADED A+
Quality
Sharp, dull, achy, throbbing
Radiation
Does it radiate to another part of the body
Severity
Pain scale, 1-10 scale, intense pain, Other symptoms: N/V, photophobia
Time
how long has it been going on? how long does it usually last?
Tension Headache
Bandlike, tightness
What are the three main types of headaches?
Migraine, Tension, Cluster
Steps to Pain Assessment
Provoking
Quality
Radiation
Severity
, 2
Time
Provoking
has anything made it better or worse
Describe a Migraine
Unilateral, supra and retro orbital, pulsating or throbbing, worse with movement,
sensitivity with light and sounds
Cluster
Lancinationg or stabbing, 5-30 minutes. Extreme pain
Migraine Pathophysiology
Pathophysiology - Not entirely clear.; theories?
Prevalence: May be seen in children and adults; Among children more common in
boys; among adults more common in women.
History of patient with migraine: Otherwise healthy, usually female in 30's
Individualized triggers (stress, smells, foods, hormones, menses)
Tyramine rich foods- chocolate, cheeses, beer, wine, cigar, sweet and low.
Treatment for Migraine
Vasoconstriction works the best, irritation of the 5th cranial nerve, Estrogen
hormone can causes migraines.
Migraine Manifestations
Manifestations
Pain: Usually unilateral, supra/retro-orbital, pulsating. Worse with movement.
Accompanied by non-h/a symptoms: N/V, photophobia, phonophobia,
Aura: (20% of cases):
Migraine Interventions
, 3
Pain management
Symptom management
Ex. Pitch black, turn off all the lights, N/V causes dehydration
Migraine Drug Therapy
APAP/Caffeine/ Butabital (Fioricet)
NSAIDS : Naprosyn
CCBs and Beta- Blockers (Preventative therapy) : Verapamil
Triptans and ergotamine's: Sumatriptan and Cafergot
Anticonvulsants (Preventative therapy): Topiramate
Botox Injections (monthly)
Magnesium
Migraine Complementary and alternative therapies
Acupuncture, Yoga, Stress reduction activities, Supplemental mag, Distraction
sometimes works.
Pound acronym
P:Pulsating
O:Duration
U: Unilateral location
N: N/V
D: Disabling
Epilepsy
Chronic disorder with two or more seizures experienced by the client.
Epilepsy Assessment
, 4
Inquire about the seizure activity, frequency, precipitating factors, aura (pre-ictal
phase).
Family history
Collateral medical conditions (hx stroke, HTN, TBI, drug/alcohol abuse)
Seizure risk factors
V: Vascular
I: Infection or Inherited conditions
T: Trauma
A: Alzheimers/Autoimmune
M: Metabolic derangements
I: Idiopathic
N: Neoplasm
S: pSychiatric
Epilepsy Triggers
Sleep deprivation
Stress
Alcohol/ Alcohol Withdrawl
MSG
pg 878 Chart 42-9
Aura
Seizures often preceded by an aura; it is unique to that patient, not every patient
has them.
Somatic: rising epigastric sensation
Hallucinations: Visual, gustatory, olfactory
