BIOLOGY 2.2
EMILY KINZLER
EMILY KINZLER
, COVALENT BONDS
CONDENSATION Atoms - nucleus of protons and neutrons surrounded by
2 mols joined by removal of H20 electron shells
When 2 -OH groups react together most stable when outermost shell has 8 electrons
New CovBond formed CovBond - atoms share electrons to fill outer shell
strong bond
Dot + cross
HYDROLYSIS double bond = shares 2 electrons
e.g. carbon - hydrogen bond
Molecules split with addition of water
CovBond broken
MOLECULAR BONDING
MONOMERS
Units which are joined together
2 form a dimer
HYDROGEN BONDS Multiple monomers = polymer
Weak interaction between mols with a delta negative
charge and a delta positive charge
Weak bond, but having many can make strong Type of mol Monomer polymer
water polar - O has greater number of protons in nucleus,
exerting stronger attraction for shared electrons, oxygen carbohydrate monosaccharides polysaccharides
delta negative and hydrogen delta positive CHO
Proteins Amino Acids polypeptides and proteins
CHONS
nucleic acids nucleotides DNA and RNA
EMILY KINZLER
EMILY KINZLER
, COVALENT BONDS
CONDENSATION Atoms - nucleus of protons and neutrons surrounded by
2 mols joined by removal of H20 electron shells
When 2 -OH groups react together most stable when outermost shell has 8 electrons
New CovBond formed CovBond - atoms share electrons to fill outer shell
strong bond
Dot + cross
HYDROLYSIS double bond = shares 2 electrons
e.g. carbon - hydrogen bond
Molecules split with addition of water
CovBond broken
MOLECULAR BONDING
MONOMERS
Units which are joined together
2 form a dimer
HYDROGEN BONDS Multiple monomers = polymer
Weak interaction between mols with a delta negative
charge and a delta positive charge
Weak bond, but having many can make strong Type of mol Monomer polymer
water polar - O has greater number of protons in nucleus,
exerting stronger attraction for shared electrons, oxygen carbohydrate monosaccharides polysaccharides
delta negative and hydrogen delta positive CHO
Proteins Amino Acids polypeptides and proteins
CHONS
nucleic acids nucleotides DNA and RNA
