10/15/25, 8:27
AM
COGSCI 180 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE
What are the two Eastern contemplative traditions and Western
approaches to science
discovering the truth
about the self?
What does The theory of knowledge, especially with
epistemology mean? regard to its methods, validity, and scope,
and the distinction between justified
belief and opinion.
Both are empirically-based and not based
What is a similarity on blind adherence to belief or what
between scientific authorities say.
and contemplative Scientific: perception/logical
approaches? Contemplative: techniques to clear mind
How do scientific and Science operates from a 3rd person
contemplative perspective, while contemplation
approaches differ in operates from a 1st person
their perspective? perspective.
1/
22
,10/15/25, 8:27
AM
What is the A criticism of the contemplative approach
introspection that it is highly subjective and unreliable,
objection? similar to introspection.
How do By emphasizing that contemplation
contemplative requires extensive training of the
traditions address mind to become stable and clear
the introspection using specific techniques, unlike
objection? introspection.
How does There is interindividual consensus among
reproducibility trained contemplatives with regard to
factor into the conclusions, and the results can be
contemplative reproduced by a particular investigator
approach? at different points in time, as well as by
other investigators.
What is a koan in Zen A riddle that a student has to solve to test their
practice? progress in Zen practice.
How is progress in Through structured dialogues between
contemplative the student and an expert (teacher) who
training monitored? asks appropriate questions and allows the
subject to describe their experience in
detail.
What is the purpose To help the student ground their thinking
of koans in Zen in reality, break free of the conceptual
practice? mind, and induce an experience of
kensho (sudden insight or awakening).
2/
22
, 10/15/25, 8:27
AM
Can conclusions Only if the person has had training in
drawn by contemplative practices.
contemplatives be
verified by a third
party?
How is consensus People within both contemplative traditions and
regarding experts the scientific community generally
similar agree on who the experts are.
in contemplative
traditions and
science?
3/
22
AM
COGSCI 180 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE
What are the two Eastern contemplative traditions and Western
approaches to science
discovering the truth
about the self?
What does The theory of knowledge, especially with
epistemology mean? regard to its methods, validity, and scope,
and the distinction between justified
belief and opinion.
Both are empirically-based and not based
What is a similarity on blind adherence to belief or what
between scientific authorities say.
and contemplative Scientific: perception/logical
approaches? Contemplative: techniques to clear mind
How do scientific and Science operates from a 3rd person
contemplative perspective, while contemplation
approaches differ in operates from a 1st person
their perspective? perspective.
1/
22
,10/15/25, 8:27
AM
What is the A criticism of the contemplative approach
introspection that it is highly subjective and unreliable,
objection? similar to introspection.
How do By emphasizing that contemplation
contemplative requires extensive training of the
traditions address mind to become stable and clear
the introspection using specific techniques, unlike
objection? introspection.
How does There is interindividual consensus among
reproducibility trained contemplatives with regard to
factor into the conclusions, and the results can be
contemplative reproduced by a particular investigator
approach? at different points in time, as well as by
other investigators.
What is a koan in Zen A riddle that a student has to solve to test their
practice? progress in Zen practice.
How is progress in Through structured dialogues between
contemplative the student and an expert (teacher) who
training monitored? asks appropriate questions and allows the
subject to describe their experience in
detail.
What is the purpose To help the student ground their thinking
of koans in Zen in reality, break free of the conceptual
practice? mind, and induce an experience of
kensho (sudden insight or awakening).
2/
22
, 10/15/25, 8:27
AM
Can conclusions Only if the person has had training in
drawn by contemplative practices.
contemplatives be
verified by a third
party?
How is consensus People within both contemplative traditions and
regarding experts the scientific community generally
similar agree on who the experts are.
in contemplative
traditions and
science?
3/
22
