10/15/25, 8:29
AM
COGSCI 180 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
VERIFIED
___Uses techniques to Contemplation
cultivate a clear
and stable mind so
one can directly
perceive the truth
Similarities:
- Both are empirically-based, i.e., not
based on blind adherence to belief or
what authorities say
scientific vs - Conclusions must be verified through
contemplative consensual agreement of investigators
approaches: name 2 who are highly trained to be
similarities and 1 considered valid
difference
Differences:
- Science: Operates from a 3rd person
perspective
- Contemplation: Operates from a 1st person
perspective
Common Criticism of - the introspection objection: sounds a lot
1/78
,10/15/25, 8:29
AM
Contemplative like introspection, which is highly
Approach by subjective and unreliable
Science:
- the_objection
___observing and Introspection
reporting one's mental
and emotional
processes as
objectively as
possible
T/F: introspection F
is a valid method
of investigation
Contemplative - There is an important distinction between
response to the contemplation and introspection:
introspection contemplation first requires extensive
objection: training of the mind to become stable and
- difference clear using specific techniques
between - introspection discredited bc the participants
introspection and who had originally been asked to
contemplation: engage in it in laboratory studies did so
______ with minds that were distracted most of
- introspection was the time
discredited because
______
A clear and stable inner peace, reality, mind
2/78
,10/15/25, 8:29
AM
mind is associated
with
____ and brings
deeper insights into
the nature of _____
and_______itself
Various mental contemplative traditions
states and
associated effects
are delineated
precisely within
_________
__figures as a criterion - Reproducibility
in the - untrained subjects
contemplative
approach, just as in
the scientific
approach
- There is
interindividual
consensus among
trained
contemplatives
with regard to
conclusions arrived
at, which is not the
3/78
, 10/15/25, 8:29
AM
case for ______
In contemplative - the results can be reproduced by a
traditions, the results particular investigator at different points
can be reproduced by in time, as well as by other
both _____ and ____ investigators
- the insights into the - other investigators
nature of reality and - meditation
the mind that are
directly perceived
when one stabilizes
and clarifies the mind
can be experienced
again and again in
______
In contemplative - stabilize and clarify the mind
traditions, how do - the extent to which you can apply the
you train and how instructions
do you know that - structured dialogues
you are
progressing in
- experience
your training?
- meditative experiences
- Training involves
- self-deceptions
applying specific
techniques to ,
and progress is - koans
indicated by ________
4/78
AM
COGSCI 180 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
VERIFIED
___Uses techniques to Contemplation
cultivate a clear
and stable mind so
one can directly
perceive the truth
Similarities:
- Both are empirically-based, i.e., not
based on blind adherence to belief or
what authorities say
scientific vs - Conclusions must be verified through
contemplative consensual agreement of investigators
approaches: name 2 who are highly trained to be
similarities and 1 considered valid
difference
Differences:
- Science: Operates from a 3rd person
perspective
- Contemplation: Operates from a 1st person
perspective
Common Criticism of - the introspection objection: sounds a lot
1/78
,10/15/25, 8:29
AM
Contemplative like introspection, which is highly
Approach by subjective and unreliable
Science:
- the_objection
___observing and Introspection
reporting one's mental
and emotional
processes as
objectively as
possible
T/F: introspection F
is a valid method
of investigation
Contemplative - There is an important distinction between
response to the contemplation and introspection:
introspection contemplation first requires extensive
objection: training of the mind to become stable and
- difference clear using specific techniques
between - introspection discredited bc the participants
introspection and who had originally been asked to
contemplation: engage in it in laboratory studies did so
______ with minds that were distracted most of
- introspection was the time
discredited because
______
A clear and stable inner peace, reality, mind
2/78
,10/15/25, 8:29
AM
mind is associated
with
____ and brings
deeper insights into
the nature of _____
and_______itself
Various mental contemplative traditions
states and
associated effects
are delineated
precisely within
_________
__figures as a criterion - Reproducibility
in the - untrained subjects
contemplative
approach, just as in
the scientific
approach
- There is
interindividual
consensus among
trained
contemplatives
with regard to
conclusions arrived
at, which is not the
3/78
, 10/15/25, 8:29
AM
case for ______
In contemplative - the results can be reproduced by a
traditions, the results particular investigator at different points
can be reproduced by in time, as well as by other
both _____ and ____ investigators
- the insights into the - other investigators
nature of reality and - meditation
the mind that are
directly perceived
when one stabilizes
and clarifies the mind
can be experienced
again and again in
______
In contemplative - stabilize and clarify the mind
traditions, how do - the extent to which you can apply the
you train and how instructions
do you know that - structured dialogues
you are
progressing in
- experience
your training?
- meditative experiences
- Training involves
- self-deceptions
applying specific
techniques to ,
and progress is - koans
indicated by ________
4/78
