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COGSCI 180 Midterm Exam Questions and Answers | Complete Verified Solutions | Updated 2025 Edition

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This COGSCI 180 Midterm Exam Verified Study Guide (2025 Update) offers a comprehensive review of the neuroanatomical foundations of cognition, perception, and self-awareness, highlighting essential brain structures, spatial orientations, and cortical functions critical to cognitive science and neuroscience. The Right Inferior Fronto-Occipital Tract serves as a crucial white matter pathway connecting parietal and frontal regions, facilitating body perception and spatial awareness—key components in self-representation and sensorimotor integration. The guide details fundamental neuroanatomical directions such as anterior (front), posterior (back), dorsal (top or back), ventral (bottom or front), lateral (side), and medial (midline)—terminology vital for understanding brain imaging and neurophysiological mapping. It also categorizes brain sections—coronal (frontal), sagittal (lateral), and transverse (axial)—which define the orientations used in MRI and CT scans, foundational in neurocognitive research and clinical diagnostics. The neocortex, the evolutionarily newest brain region, encompasses the frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes, each responsible for advanced cognitive, sensory, and motor processing. The frontal lobe governs executive functions, including speech, motor coordination, decision-making, and emotional regulation, while its posterior portion, the primary motor cortex, controls voluntary movements through precise motor neuron activation. The prefrontal cortex, located anteriorly within the frontal lobe, is essential for planning, judgment, impulse control, and goal-directed behavior, forming the neurological basis for complex thought and social interaction. Collectively, these regions underlie higher-order cognitive processes central to consciousness, self-awareness, and identity formation, integrating perception, emotion, and action within the human brain.

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COGSCI 180 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
VERIFIED UPDATE

Terms in this set (81)



Right Inferior Connects the parietal and frontal brain
Fronto-Occipital areas that mediate own body perception
Tract
Anterior Located near or toward the front
Posterior Located near or toward the back
Dorsal In a direction toward the top of the head
or the back
Ventral In a direction toward the bottom of the
skull or the front surface of the body
Lateral Toward the side of the body, away from
the middle
Medial Toward the middle of the body, away
from the side
A slice through the brain parallel to the
forehead
Coronal or Frontal
Section


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AM


A slice through the
brain perpendicular
Sagittal or Lateral to the ground and
Section parallel to the
temporal lobes
A slice through the brain parallel to the
ground
Transverse or Axial
Section
The phylogenetically
newest cortex
Neocortex composed of the four
lobes: frontal lobe,
parietal lobe, occipital
lobe, and temporal
lobe
Involved in speaking
and muscle
Frontal Lobe movements, in
making plans and
judgments, and in
emotional control
Posterior part of
frontal lobe that
Primary Motor controls voluntary

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AM
Cortex movements
Anterior part of
frontal lobe that is
Prefrontal Cortex involved in
formulating plans
and making
judgments
Includes the primary somatosensory cortex
(anterior part of
Parietal Lobe parietal lobe):
surface of the body is
"mapped" on the
surface of the brain
Includes the primary
visual cortex
Occipital Lobe (posterior part of
occipital lobe), which
receives visual
information from the
opposite visual field
Includes the primary
auditory cortex
Temporal Lobe (superior part of
temporal lobe), which
receives auditory

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