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COGSCI 180 Final Exam Questions and Answers | Complete Verified Solutions | Grade A+ | Latest 2025/2026 Update

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The COGSCI 180 Final Exam Verified Study Guide (2025/2026 Edition) provides a comprehensive overview of the neuroscientific foundations of the self, exploring how distinct brain regions contribute to our narrative identity, embodied self-awareness, and sense of personal agency. The hippocampus and entorhinal cortex, together with the default mode network (DMN), are essential to constructing the narrative self—the continuity of personal experience that defines identity across time. Disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease and other memory impairments highlight the critical role these regions play in linking past memories with present consciousness. Meanwhile, the right superior parietal lobule underlies the sense of bodily ownership, as shown in Body Integrity Identity Disorder (BIID), where individuals feel a disconnect from parts of their body, underscoring the brain’s role in defining physical boundaries of the self. The insula integrates physical sensations and emotional awareness, forming the foundation for self-recognition and embodiment. Disruptions in this region are associated with Cotard’s delusion, Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), Depersonalization Disorder, and the Doppelgänger effect, each illustrating distortions in emotional or bodily self-perception. The corollary discharge system, which monitors internal movement signals, relates to the agentive self—our sense of controlling our own actions—and is notably impaired in schizophrenia, where patients may feel their movements or thoughts are externally controlled. The integrated self emerges through communication between the frontal lobe, amygdala, and limbic system, which harmonizes emotion and memory. When this connection weakens, as in PTSD, individuals experience emotional detachment and fragmentation. Similarly, increased inhibitory connections between the prefrontal/anterior cingulate cortex and hippocampus in DID, or overactive ventral lateral prefrontal cortex in depersonalization disorder, demonstrate the brain’s delicate balance between emotional regulation and identity integration. Importantly, neuroimaging evidence from the insula, DMN, and prefrontal regions shows correlation, not causation—activity in these areas reflects participation in self-related processing but does not signify discrete “centers of self.”

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COGSCI 180 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE GRADE A+


Brain Regions Corollary discharge signals
associated with sense --> Schizophrenia
of
ourself as an
individual controlling
our own movements
-Hippocampus and entorhinal
Brain regions --> Alzheimer's disease and memory disorders
associated with -Default Mode Network
narrative self
Brain regions -Body Integrity Identity Disorder
associated with sense
of what constitutes
body and what
doesn't




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AM

Brain regions -Insula

associated with --> Cotard's delusion, dissociative identity
awareness of our disorder, depersonalization disorder, and
physical, as well as the doppelganger effect
emotional, self
-Connection between the frontal lobe and
amygdala/limbic system
--> PTSD (reduced connection)
Brain regions
associated with being −Connection between prefrontal/anterior
an cingulate cortex and hippocampus
integrated self that is --> dissociative identity disorder (increased
aware of all of our inhibitory connections)
memories and our
emotions
-Ventral lateral prefrontal cortex(suppression of
emotion)
--> depersonalization disorder
Insular cortex, DMN. and parts of prefrontal
--> does not necessarily mean that those regions
are "centers for" the self− -->
Some brain regions neuroimaging shows correlation of
that seem to be more activity in a certain brain region with a
important that others certain behavior does not mean that that
for our sense of self area is necessarily the "center for" that
behavior
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AM




--> Because the light goes on in your iron
whenever your iron is working does not
mean that the light is the "center for" the
functioning of the iron
-Robust, long-lasting, internally consistent thought
processes•

Neuroscientist Susan
Greenfield -Complex neural connections between
multiple regions of thebrain (which are
the neurological correlates of the
former)
--> identity arises from increased cognitive
associations and neural connections

Certain conditions and -Characteristic of very young children who

disorders involve have not yet developed a sense of

excessive focus on identity, as well as people with

immediate sensory schizophrenia and those who are

stimuli at the sufficiently

expense of the kind intoxicated that they lose their sense of identity

of --> absence of the associative powers to
complex inner think metaphorically --> things are literally
thought processes interpreted.
necessary for a --> easily distracted
sense of identity

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AM
Brain regions -Reduced prefrontal activity
associated with --> Hallmarks of schizophrenia is
excessive focus on hypofrontality; dendritic pruning is twice
immediate sensory as great of gray matter in patients with
stimuli at the schizophrenia
expense of the -Increased levels of dopamine
kind of complex
inner
thought processes
necessary for a sense
of identity in
children and
schizophrenia
-The PFC connects up more areas of the
brain than any other, so themore active it
is, the more cohesive will be overall
brain functioning
--> The latter, as the research discussed
Evidence from in the previous slides indicate, is probably
schizophrenia central for a sense of identity
suggest that the -Vastly increased size of PFC primarily
prefrontal cortex differentiates human brain from brain of
probably also plays other animals
acentral role in --> PFC accounts for 33% of adult, human brain
identity but only 17% in chimpanzees
-Last part of brain to develop, only
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