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Subtest 3 Preparation/CSET Multiple
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Photosynthesis - ANS/Chlorophyll in a plant's chloroplasts captures solar
energy. The solar energy combines with carbon dioxide Co2 and water
H2O to produce glucose (sugar). Releases O2 oxygen into the atmosphere.
Respiration - ANS/Cells create energy. Occurs in mitochondria: Aerobic -
oxidation of food and takes place with O2; Anaerobic - fermentation and
takes place without oxygen.
Excretion - ANS/Eliminate waste material.
Homeostasis - ANS/Maintain the cell's equilibrium.
Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) - ANS/RNA serves as a messenger that carries the
genetic code throughout the cell.
Early Life - ANS/Atoms can combine spontaneously in this type of
environment to form molecules. Molecules link together to form
organisms.
,History of Life - ANS/Cenozoic - Humans, grazing and meat-eating
mammals.
Mesozoic - Primates (flowering plants), birds, dinosaurs (mammals)
Paleozoic - Reptiles, ferns, amphibians, plants, fish
Precambrian - algae, cells
Kingdom Archaea and Eubacteria - ANS/Include all prokaryotes. Limited to
respiration and reproduction.
Protista Kingdom - ANS/Single celled eukaryotes. Fully functional organ
system. Some get energy through photosynthesis.
Fungi Kingdom - ANS/Includes multi celled eukaryotes that gain their
nutrition through absorption.
Cell - ANS/Smallest unit of life. Prokaryotes - bacteria; Eukaryotes - plant
and animal cells. Membrane, cytoplasm has organelles, nucleus (brain),
Golgi apparatus packages hormone and enzyme material.
Mitosis - ANS/1) Interphase - cell prepares.
2) Prophase - begins as cell begins to divide.
3) Metaphase - Chromosomes align around the equator of the cell.
4) Anaphase - Sister chromosomes are formed and move toward opposite
ends of the cell.
5) Telophase - Mitosis ends and 2 nuclei are formed.
6) Cytokinesis - Splits
Meiosis - ANS/Creates gametes, sperm cells, and egg cells, each with half
the number of chromosomes (haploid) found in a human cell.
Zygote - ANS/Single cell which develops into a human. Has a complete
(diploid) set of chromosomes.
,Plantae Kingdom - ANS/Multi celled eukaryotes that gain their energy
through photosynthesis.
Animale Kingdom - ANS/Multi celled eukaryotes that gain their nutrition
through ingestion. Mobile.
Angiosperms - ANS/Plant group. Flowers and true leaves.
Gymnosperms - ANS/No flowers and have needles for leaves.
Flower - ANS/Pistil - female reproductive organs.
Ovule - female egg
Stamen - male reproductive parts
Anther - produces pollen
Insects - ANS/Cold blooded, 6 legs, 2 antennas, 3 body parts, and
exoskeleton.
Metamorphosis - ANS/1) Egg
2) Larva - emerges from egg. Shed skin as they grow.
3) Pupa - larva spin a cocoon to form pupa.
4) Adult - eventually emerges.
Simple Metamorphosis - ANS/1) Nymph - small adult comes from egg.
Sheds exoskeleton.
2) Adult - stops shedding and grows wings.
Central Nervous System - ANS/Consists of the brain and the spinal cord.
, Cerebellum - ANS/Controls muscle activity and is located below the
cerebrum.
Cerebrum - ANS/3 quarters of the brain's mass.
Peripheral Nervous System - ANS/Consists of nerve cells that exit the
spiral cord and extend to all parts of the body.
Respiratory System - ANS/Air moves in the nasal cavity, down the throat
(pharynx), down the windpipe (trachea), through one of two bronchial
tubes and into the lungs. The lungs filter out oxygen and transfer oxygen
to the bloodstream. Carbon dioxide is removed from the blood and is
exhaled along with other gases.
Circulatory System - ANS/Vast array of blood vessels that deliver oxygen-
rich blood to the body's cells and carry waste-filled blood away from these
cells.
Blood - ANS/Red blood cells carry oxygen. White blood cells are a part of
the immune system. Platelets aid clogging.
Arteries - ANS/Carry blood away from the heart.
Capillaries - ANS/Deliver oxygen to individual cells. Other start to carry
oxygen - poor carbon dioxide rich blood away from the cells.
Skeletal Muscles - ANS/Control voluntary acts such as chewing, jumping,
and turning the head.
Smooth Muscles - ANS/Control involuntary activities and are found in blood
vessels and urinary tract.