MSN 277 Exam 2 Questions with Correct Answers Latest 2025
genetics defintion - Answers study of genes and roles in inheritance and how traits/conditions
are passed
genomics definition - Answers study of all of a person's genes and their interactions with each
other/the environment
epigenetics defintion - Answers a change in gene expression
what do genes do - Answers determine how the body functions
what is an allele - Answers alt form of gene for a specific inherited characteristic
what are the two types of alleles - Answers dominant
recessive
what is a dominant allele - Answers fully expressed allele
what is a recessive allele - Answers no fully expressed allele, "under the surface"
genotype defintion - Answers genetic makeup of a person
phenotype defintion - Answers physical traits
what is a genetic mutation - Answers change in DNA sequence
what are the two types of genetic mutations - Answers germaline and somatic
how is a germaline genetic mutation acquired - Answers from parent
how is a somatic genetic mutation acquired - Answers during life/environment
who is at risk for a genetic mutation and why - Answers people who are aged
decreased DNA working properly, exposed to environment for more time, decreased immune
what are the 3 different ways people can express a gene mutation - Answers dominant
recessive
x-linked
nursing INT for genes - Answers education (benefits, neg impact, ethical, provider/counselor)
where can genetic testing be done on body - Answers blood, skin, hair saliva
,what is the risk with genetic testing - Answers ethical issues
what is the genetic info nondiscrimination act GINA - Answers thing to make sure nobody holds
genetic info against you
INT for genetic testing - Answers genetic conselor
what is genetic tech used for - Answers the big picture (genomics; including ppl specific genes,
impact on disease, and tx)
is tx specialized for people with gene stuff - Answers yes, not broad
what is pharmacogenomics - Answers all genes with a drug
what is pharmacogenetics - Answers genetic variability, specific
what is gene therapy - Answers expiremental
replaces mutated with healthy genes
what is stem cell therapy - Answers expirimental
unspecialized to grow and become anything
what does the liver do in terms of diabetes - Answers makes glucose
what does the pancreas do in terms of diabetes - Answers make insulin
what is a basal amount of insulin - Answers a cont., normal amount
what is a bolus amount of insulin - Answers extra
what is the normal BG range - Answers 70-99
what is the etiology of T1D - Answers the body is making an insufficient amount of insulin
CM of T1D - Answers 3 P's (polyuria/osmotic diuresis, polyphagia, polydipsia)
weight loss
weak, fatigued
what is the etiology of T2D - Answers decreased insulin secretion
insulin resistance
no insulin production
inappropriate glucose production by the liver
, most important RF for T2D - Answers metabolic syndrome
CM of metabolic syndrome - Answers increased waist
increased BP
increased BG
increased trigly
decreased HDL
how many CM of metabolic syndrome to be dx - Answers 3/5
CM of T2D - Answers fatigue
inf
prolonged wound healing
vision issues
3 P's (polyuria/osmotic diuresis, polyphagia, polydipsia)
what syndrome is an RF for diabetes - Answers polycystic ovary syndrome hx
what # A1C is a RF for diabates - Answers >5.7
what is an example of an insulin resitance conditon that is a RF for diabates - Answers
acanthosis nigricans
what is there a risk for when it comes to metabolic syndrome and why - Answers cardiac risks
due to dx criteria and hyperinsulimia
who should get screened for diabetes - Answers >45
BMI >25 and a RF
how often should someone >45 get screened for diabates if results were normal - Answers
every 3 yrs
dx criteria for diabetes - Answers AIC >6.5%
fasting BG >126
2hr glucose >200
CM of hyperglycemia/random glucose >200
what is a fasting BG - Answers don't eat/drink for 8hrs -> check BG -> if >126 x2 = diabetes
genetics defintion - Answers study of genes and roles in inheritance and how traits/conditions
are passed
genomics definition - Answers study of all of a person's genes and their interactions with each
other/the environment
epigenetics defintion - Answers a change in gene expression
what do genes do - Answers determine how the body functions
what is an allele - Answers alt form of gene for a specific inherited characteristic
what are the two types of alleles - Answers dominant
recessive
what is a dominant allele - Answers fully expressed allele
what is a recessive allele - Answers no fully expressed allele, "under the surface"
genotype defintion - Answers genetic makeup of a person
phenotype defintion - Answers physical traits
what is a genetic mutation - Answers change in DNA sequence
what are the two types of genetic mutations - Answers germaline and somatic
how is a germaline genetic mutation acquired - Answers from parent
how is a somatic genetic mutation acquired - Answers during life/environment
who is at risk for a genetic mutation and why - Answers people who are aged
decreased DNA working properly, exposed to environment for more time, decreased immune
what are the 3 different ways people can express a gene mutation - Answers dominant
recessive
x-linked
nursing INT for genes - Answers education (benefits, neg impact, ethical, provider/counselor)
where can genetic testing be done on body - Answers blood, skin, hair saliva
,what is the risk with genetic testing - Answers ethical issues
what is the genetic info nondiscrimination act GINA - Answers thing to make sure nobody holds
genetic info against you
INT for genetic testing - Answers genetic conselor
what is genetic tech used for - Answers the big picture (genomics; including ppl specific genes,
impact on disease, and tx)
is tx specialized for people with gene stuff - Answers yes, not broad
what is pharmacogenomics - Answers all genes with a drug
what is pharmacogenetics - Answers genetic variability, specific
what is gene therapy - Answers expiremental
replaces mutated with healthy genes
what is stem cell therapy - Answers expirimental
unspecialized to grow and become anything
what does the liver do in terms of diabetes - Answers makes glucose
what does the pancreas do in terms of diabetes - Answers make insulin
what is a basal amount of insulin - Answers a cont., normal amount
what is a bolus amount of insulin - Answers extra
what is the normal BG range - Answers 70-99
what is the etiology of T1D - Answers the body is making an insufficient amount of insulin
CM of T1D - Answers 3 P's (polyuria/osmotic diuresis, polyphagia, polydipsia)
weight loss
weak, fatigued
what is the etiology of T2D - Answers decreased insulin secretion
insulin resistance
no insulin production
inappropriate glucose production by the liver
, most important RF for T2D - Answers metabolic syndrome
CM of metabolic syndrome - Answers increased waist
increased BP
increased BG
increased trigly
decreased HDL
how many CM of metabolic syndrome to be dx - Answers 3/5
CM of T2D - Answers fatigue
inf
prolonged wound healing
vision issues
3 P's (polyuria/osmotic diuresis, polyphagia, polydipsia)
what syndrome is an RF for diabetes - Answers polycystic ovary syndrome hx
what # A1C is a RF for diabates - Answers >5.7
what is an example of an insulin resitance conditon that is a RF for diabates - Answers
acanthosis nigricans
what is there a risk for when it comes to metabolic syndrome and why - Answers cardiac risks
due to dx criteria and hyperinsulimia
who should get screened for diabetes - Answers >45
BMI >25 and a RF
how often should someone >45 get screened for diabates if results were normal - Answers
every 3 yrs
dx criteria for diabetes - Answers AIC >6.5%
fasting BG >126
2hr glucose >200
CM of hyperglycemia/random glucose >200
what is a fasting BG - Answers don't eat/drink for 8hrs -> check BG -> if >126 x2 = diabetes
