NUR 254 EXAM 4|QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2025 UPDATE | 100%
CORRECT-GALEN COLLEGE OF NURSING
Seizure Disorders: Etiology/Diagnostics - CORRECT ANSWERS--abnormal neuron activity in
brain.
-Trauma,
-meningitis,
-may be idiopathic.
Diag: electroencephalogram (EEG)
Seizure Disorders: S/S - CORRECT ANSWERS--uncontrolled shaking,
-LOC,
-glazed stare.
Seizure Disorders: Epilepsy - CORRECT ANSWERS-2 or more unprovoked seizures more than
24 hours apart.
Seizure Disorders:Treatment - CORRECT ANSWERS--during seizure (safety),
-control meds (antiepileptics),
-rescue meds (the pams),
-strict ketogenic diet,
-surgery (VNS, vagus nerve stimulation implant)
Sickle Cell Anemia: S/S - CORRECT ANSWERS-o Vascular inflammation
o Pain-> severe abdominal pain or chest. Mid to severe from 1 min-days -> crisis
o Stroke -> Severe unrelieved headache**
o Painful Swelling: hands, feet, joint pain
o Headache. Doesn't go away with meds? Possible CVA. EMERGENCY*
,o One CVA? R/F another** (stroke)
o Visual disturbances
o Obstructive jaundice
o Fever 101.3 or higher
o Severe hypoxia
Sickle Cell Anemia: VASOCCLUSIVE Crisis - CORRECT ANSWERS--: Acute chest syndrome
-mimics pneumonia "painful episode"
Sickle Cell Anemia: Splenic Sequestration - CORRECT ANSWERS--Pooling of blood in the
spleen
-Causes infection, stress, dehydration, *USE IV FLUIDS***
-trauma
Sickle Cell Anemia: treatment - CORRECT ANSWERS-o DON'T over oxygenate o Heat
o Prophylactic antibiotics: R/F infection* Preventing Infection* ( Vaccines, Anbiocs (PCN))
o If they've had a stroke, every 3-4 weeks for transfusions* to prevent CVA
o Decrease 02 demands
o Oral/IV hydration, Oral at home to prevent hospitalization
o Splenectomy (severe)
o Stem cell Transplant: considered curative (severe)
o Rest
o Control Pain: Morphine
o Electrolyte replacement
Sickle Cell Anemia: Teaching - CORRECT ANSWERS-o Prevent hydration
o Rest
o Improve oxygen but don't over oxygenate
o Educate importance of vaccines
,o Know s/s of a stroke
o Child is normal just gets sicker easier
Hemophilia: term - CORRECT ANSWERS-MIssing clotting factors
Hemophilia:Etiology/Diagnostics - CORRECT ANSWERS-Deficiency of factor VIII, produced by
the liver, bleeding disorder
Hemophilia: education - CORRECT ANSWERS-Parents -> genetic counseling
Hemophilia: S/S - CORRECT ANSWERS-o PROLONGED bleeding, kid will bleed longer than
other kids, gums, cuts, injections
o Hemorrhage: At higher risk
o Bruising
o Hemarthrosis: blood in joints (knees, elbows, ankles)
o Spontaneous Hematuria: dark urine, blood
o Hematomas -> pain, swelling, limited motion
o Headache
o Slurred Speech
o Loss of Consciousness
o Black Tarry Stools= Bleed
o Vomiting coffee ground emesis
o Bleeding gyms with teeth brushing
Hemophilia: Treatment - CORRECT ANSWERS--NO cure; lifelong
o Replace VIII factor:
o Prevent bleeding: No IM vaccines, try subQ or less invasive first
o Medications
, Steroids
NSAIDS
DDAVP
o Wear helmets
o Safety, protective equipment
o Regular Exercise and Physical Therapy
o Go to doctor for sprains
o Control Bleeding
R: Rest
I: ICE
C: Compress (cold)**
E: Elevate
Pediatric Oncology: Etiology/Diagnostics - CORRECT ANSWERS--Unknown
o Some genetic alterations, chromosomal abnormalities identified
o Lifestyle factors in adult cancer generally aren't present in childhood cancers (lung cancer), but not in
adolescents
o Labs: CBC, CMP, LFT, coags (coagulation profile)
o Lumbar Puncture: Leukemia, brain tumors, Mets to CNS
o Radiology: X-ray, CT, MRI, PET
o Biopsy
Pediatric Oncology: Treatment: - CORRECT ANSWERS-Surgery, Chemo, radiation, BMT
Pediatric Oncology: S/S of treatment - CORRECT ANSWERS-o Infection
o Hemorrhage
o Anemia
CORRECT-GALEN COLLEGE OF NURSING
Seizure Disorders: Etiology/Diagnostics - CORRECT ANSWERS--abnormal neuron activity in
brain.
-Trauma,
-meningitis,
-may be idiopathic.
Diag: electroencephalogram (EEG)
Seizure Disorders: S/S - CORRECT ANSWERS--uncontrolled shaking,
-LOC,
-glazed stare.
Seizure Disorders: Epilepsy - CORRECT ANSWERS-2 or more unprovoked seizures more than
24 hours apart.
Seizure Disorders:Treatment - CORRECT ANSWERS--during seizure (safety),
-control meds (antiepileptics),
-rescue meds (the pams),
-strict ketogenic diet,
-surgery (VNS, vagus nerve stimulation implant)
Sickle Cell Anemia: S/S - CORRECT ANSWERS-o Vascular inflammation
o Pain-> severe abdominal pain or chest. Mid to severe from 1 min-days -> crisis
o Stroke -> Severe unrelieved headache**
o Painful Swelling: hands, feet, joint pain
o Headache. Doesn't go away with meds? Possible CVA. EMERGENCY*
,o One CVA? R/F another** (stroke)
o Visual disturbances
o Obstructive jaundice
o Fever 101.3 or higher
o Severe hypoxia
Sickle Cell Anemia: VASOCCLUSIVE Crisis - CORRECT ANSWERS--: Acute chest syndrome
-mimics pneumonia "painful episode"
Sickle Cell Anemia: Splenic Sequestration - CORRECT ANSWERS--Pooling of blood in the
spleen
-Causes infection, stress, dehydration, *USE IV FLUIDS***
-trauma
Sickle Cell Anemia: treatment - CORRECT ANSWERS-o DON'T over oxygenate o Heat
o Prophylactic antibiotics: R/F infection* Preventing Infection* ( Vaccines, Anbiocs (PCN))
o If they've had a stroke, every 3-4 weeks for transfusions* to prevent CVA
o Decrease 02 demands
o Oral/IV hydration, Oral at home to prevent hospitalization
o Splenectomy (severe)
o Stem cell Transplant: considered curative (severe)
o Rest
o Control Pain: Morphine
o Electrolyte replacement
Sickle Cell Anemia: Teaching - CORRECT ANSWERS-o Prevent hydration
o Rest
o Improve oxygen but don't over oxygenate
o Educate importance of vaccines
,o Know s/s of a stroke
o Child is normal just gets sicker easier
Hemophilia: term - CORRECT ANSWERS-MIssing clotting factors
Hemophilia:Etiology/Diagnostics - CORRECT ANSWERS-Deficiency of factor VIII, produced by
the liver, bleeding disorder
Hemophilia: education - CORRECT ANSWERS-Parents -> genetic counseling
Hemophilia: S/S - CORRECT ANSWERS-o PROLONGED bleeding, kid will bleed longer than
other kids, gums, cuts, injections
o Hemorrhage: At higher risk
o Bruising
o Hemarthrosis: blood in joints (knees, elbows, ankles)
o Spontaneous Hematuria: dark urine, blood
o Hematomas -> pain, swelling, limited motion
o Headache
o Slurred Speech
o Loss of Consciousness
o Black Tarry Stools= Bleed
o Vomiting coffee ground emesis
o Bleeding gyms with teeth brushing
Hemophilia: Treatment - CORRECT ANSWERS--NO cure; lifelong
o Replace VIII factor:
o Prevent bleeding: No IM vaccines, try subQ or less invasive first
o Medications
, Steroids
NSAIDS
DDAVP
o Wear helmets
o Safety, protective equipment
o Regular Exercise and Physical Therapy
o Go to doctor for sprains
o Control Bleeding
R: Rest
I: ICE
C: Compress (cold)**
E: Elevate
Pediatric Oncology: Etiology/Diagnostics - CORRECT ANSWERS--Unknown
o Some genetic alterations, chromosomal abnormalities identified
o Lifestyle factors in adult cancer generally aren't present in childhood cancers (lung cancer), but not in
adolescents
o Labs: CBC, CMP, LFT, coags (coagulation profile)
o Lumbar Puncture: Leukemia, brain tumors, Mets to CNS
o Radiology: X-ray, CT, MRI, PET
o Biopsy
Pediatric Oncology: Treatment: - CORRECT ANSWERS-Surgery, Chemo, radiation, BMT
Pediatric Oncology: S/S of treatment - CORRECT ANSWERS-o Infection
o Hemorrhage
o Anemia
