NUR 133 Chapter 3 Critical Thinking, Ethical Decision Making and the Nursing Process

 Chapter 3 Critical Thinking, Ethical Decision
Making and the Nursing Process

 Critical Thinking
 Metacognition (awareness and understanding own thought processes)
 Deliberate and outcome oriented
 Occurs through inquiry
 Examination/analysis of data
 Formulation of conclusions/alternatives
 “Inquisitive truth seekers”
 Developed over time
 Used in clinical reasoning
 Critical Thinking Skills
 Interpretation
 Analysis
 Inference
 Explanation
 Evaluation
 Self-reflection
 Self-regulation
 Components of Critical Thinking
 Identify priorities
 Gather and validate information
 Analyze the information
 Draw on past experience and knowledge
 Maintain flexibility
 Consider alternatives
 Formulate decisions
 Critical Thinking in Nursing Practice
 “Critical thinking is the foundation of the process of clinical reasoning and
clinical judgment” (Alfaro-LeFevre, 2013)
 Used in all practice settings
 Decision making includes cognitive and metacognitive skills and logical
reasoning
 Development involves experiential learning and practice

 Ethics and Morality in Nursing
 Ethics: formal systematic study of moral beliefs to understand right and
wrong
 Morality: specific values, characters, or actions whose outcomes are
examined through systematic ethical analysis
 Often used interchangeably

 Ethics Theories


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