CMAN 380 Final Exam Questions with Correct Answers
Definition of "Screening" - Answers The process of using clinical tests and/or examinations to
identify patients who require additional health-related interventions
What is the goal of screening - Answers Detect early
Is screening primary, secondary, or tertiary? - Answers Secondary prevention
What is the purpose of a diagnostic test? - Answers Establish the absence of presence of a
disease (have it or not)
Diagnostic test are also called? - Answers confirmatory test
Is a screening diagnostic? - Answers NOT considered diagnostic test
-screen a subset of the population who may be at risk
-recommendations based on data
Does the US Preventive Services Task (USPSTF) fall under the HHS? - Answers YES
What is the USPSTF screening recommendations? - Answers -Based on the clinical research
and evidence-based preventive care
-Recommendations are based of the grading of the research evidence
To measure the quality of a test its important to identify? - Answers Sensitivity and Specificity
What do you look at when selecting screening tests? - Answers the test is valid and reliable
Validity - Answers is the screen distinguishing correctly:
1. Sensitivity
2. Specificity
Reliability - Answers consistency of test results over time & between examiners
Sensitivity - Answers -Identifies correctly those WITH disease
-truly DO have the disease
,-positive test result
High sensitivity screening test - Answers detects most of the patients with the disease
Specificity - Answers -Identifies correctly those W/O disease
-true negatives
False negative - Answers test result that indicates a person does not have a disease or
condition when the person (actually) does have the illness
False positive - Answers the patient does NOT have the disease, BUT the test is positive.
Sensitivity is prioritized when? - Answers 1. Disease is serious (want to identify as many true
cases)
2. Treatment is effective and available (want to identify and treat as quickly as possible)
3. High risk of infectivity if individuals are not treated (want to minimize harm to others)
4. Subsequent test (next option) is cheap and low-risk
Specificity is often prioritized when? - Answers 1. Treatment is unpalatable (only want to treat
those we are confident have the disease and would benefit from the treatment)
2. Subsequent test is expensive and risky
A rapid flu screen has a sensitivity (50-70%). The result came back, and it is negative. How
would you explain the results to the patient and what would you recommend? - Answers "it is
likely you have the flu"
-the other 30-50% will be a false negative
Achilles InSight test has a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 32%. How would you interpret
these results? - Answers 90% chance of having impaired bone density
, Lead is? - Answers soft blue-gray metal
What is the most common source of lead poisoning in children? - Answers lead based paint and
lead contaminated dust in older buildings
Where does lead present in? - Answers -paint (homes built before 1978), leaded gasoline,
recycling operations,
ongoing or historic mining and smelting,
commercial operations and,
lead contaminated consumer products (candy, toys, pottery, jewelry...etc.)
Most lead come from? - Answers lead paint chips. they become part of the dust and soil in and
around homes
Lead-based paint hazards occur in? - Answers families living in low income housing with
children under the age of 6 years
Main exposure of lead? - Answers oral
-children most at risk due to hand mouth behaviors
Occupational Lead Exposure (inhaled & ingested) - Answers -battery manufacturing
-automobile brake repair
-companies that work with lead solder
-bridge maintenance and repair
-construction, renovation, rehabilitation
-pottery/ceramic
-radiator repair
-rubber products, plastics industries
-steel welding/cutting operations
I PREPARE Screening - Answers The I PREPARE environmental exposure history mnemonic is a
quick reference tool created for primary care providers to assess lead exposure risk.
(Investigate, Present work/protective clothing at home, residence, environment/water &
Definition of "Screening" - Answers The process of using clinical tests and/or examinations to
identify patients who require additional health-related interventions
What is the goal of screening - Answers Detect early
Is screening primary, secondary, or tertiary? - Answers Secondary prevention
What is the purpose of a diagnostic test? - Answers Establish the absence of presence of a
disease (have it or not)
Diagnostic test are also called? - Answers confirmatory test
Is a screening diagnostic? - Answers NOT considered diagnostic test
-screen a subset of the population who may be at risk
-recommendations based on data
Does the US Preventive Services Task (USPSTF) fall under the HHS? - Answers YES
What is the USPSTF screening recommendations? - Answers -Based on the clinical research
and evidence-based preventive care
-Recommendations are based of the grading of the research evidence
To measure the quality of a test its important to identify? - Answers Sensitivity and Specificity
What do you look at when selecting screening tests? - Answers the test is valid and reliable
Validity - Answers is the screen distinguishing correctly:
1. Sensitivity
2. Specificity
Reliability - Answers consistency of test results over time & between examiners
Sensitivity - Answers -Identifies correctly those WITH disease
-truly DO have the disease
,-positive test result
High sensitivity screening test - Answers detects most of the patients with the disease
Specificity - Answers -Identifies correctly those W/O disease
-true negatives
False negative - Answers test result that indicates a person does not have a disease or
condition when the person (actually) does have the illness
False positive - Answers the patient does NOT have the disease, BUT the test is positive.
Sensitivity is prioritized when? - Answers 1. Disease is serious (want to identify as many true
cases)
2. Treatment is effective and available (want to identify and treat as quickly as possible)
3. High risk of infectivity if individuals are not treated (want to minimize harm to others)
4. Subsequent test (next option) is cheap and low-risk
Specificity is often prioritized when? - Answers 1. Treatment is unpalatable (only want to treat
those we are confident have the disease and would benefit from the treatment)
2. Subsequent test is expensive and risky
A rapid flu screen has a sensitivity (50-70%). The result came back, and it is negative. How
would you explain the results to the patient and what would you recommend? - Answers "it is
likely you have the flu"
-the other 30-50% will be a false negative
Achilles InSight test has a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 32%. How would you interpret
these results? - Answers 90% chance of having impaired bone density
, Lead is? - Answers soft blue-gray metal
What is the most common source of lead poisoning in children? - Answers lead based paint and
lead contaminated dust in older buildings
Where does lead present in? - Answers -paint (homes built before 1978), leaded gasoline,
recycling operations,
ongoing or historic mining and smelting,
commercial operations and,
lead contaminated consumer products (candy, toys, pottery, jewelry...etc.)
Most lead come from? - Answers lead paint chips. they become part of the dust and soil in and
around homes
Lead-based paint hazards occur in? - Answers families living in low income housing with
children under the age of 6 years
Main exposure of lead? - Answers oral
-children most at risk due to hand mouth behaviors
Occupational Lead Exposure (inhaled & ingested) - Answers -battery manufacturing
-automobile brake repair
-companies that work with lead solder
-bridge maintenance and repair
-construction, renovation, rehabilitation
-pottery/ceramic
-radiator repair
-rubber products, plastics industries
-steel welding/cutting operations
I PREPARE Screening - Answers The I PREPARE environmental exposure history mnemonic is a
quick reference tool created for primary care providers to assess lead exposure risk.
(Investigate, Present work/protective clothing at home, residence, environment/water &
