sMeaning of Research
1. research as a scientific and systematic search for pertinent information on a
specific topic.
2. research is an art of scientific investigation.
3. A careful investigation or inquiry specially through search for new facts in any branch of
knowledge
4. systematized effort to gain new knowledge
Objectives of Research-
The purpose of research is to discover answers to questions through the application of scientific
procedures. The main aim of research is to
find out the truth which is hidden and which has not been discovered as yet. Though each
research study has its own specific purpose.
1. To gain familiarity with a phenomenon or to achieve new insights into it.
2. To portray accurately the characteristics of a particular individual, situation or a group.
3. To determine the frequency with which something occurs or with which it is associated with
something else.
4. To test a hypothesis of a causal relationship between variables.
Types of Research-
1. Descriptive Research-
Descriptive research is a type of research that is used to describe the
characteristics of a population, situation, or phenomenon. It answers the
questions what, who, when, where, and how, but does not focus on why
things happen.
Examples
A survey describing the percentage of students using social media daily.
Census data describing the age, gender, and occupation of a population.
Observing patient behavior in a hospital ward.
, Methods Used
1. Surveys & Questionnaires – collect opinions, attitudes, and behaviors.
2. Observations – record behaviors or events as they occur.
3. Case Studies – in-depth description of a single individual or group.
4. Documentary Analysis – analyzing existing records or reports.
2. Analytical Research
Analytical research is a type of research that goes beyond description and
involves analyzing, evaluating, and interpreting information or data to
explain why or how a phenomenon occurs.
It often uses existing data, reports, or findings and applies critical thinking,
statistical tools, or theoretical models to draw meaningful conclusions.
Examples
Studying why smoking increases the risk of lung cancer by analyzing
hospital data.
Analyzing economic data to understand factors causing inflation.
Reviewing historical records to explain why a war occurred.
Methods Used
1. Critical analysis of existing literature or data.
2. Statistical methods (e.g., regression, correlation, hypothesis testing).
3. Comparative studies (past vs. present data).
4. Case-control or cohort studies in health sciences.
3. Applied Research
Applied research is a type of research that is conducted to solve practical
problems and improve real-life practices.
1. research as a scientific and systematic search for pertinent information on a
specific topic.
2. research is an art of scientific investigation.
3. A careful investigation or inquiry specially through search for new facts in any branch of
knowledge
4. systematized effort to gain new knowledge
Objectives of Research-
The purpose of research is to discover answers to questions through the application of scientific
procedures. The main aim of research is to
find out the truth which is hidden and which has not been discovered as yet. Though each
research study has its own specific purpose.
1. To gain familiarity with a phenomenon or to achieve new insights into it.
2. To portray accurately the characteristics of a particular individual, situation or a group.
3. To determine the frequency with which something occurs or with which it is associated with
something else.
4. To test a hypothesis of a causal relationship between variables.
Types of Research-
1. Descriptive Research-
Descriptive research is a type of research that is used to describe the
characteristics of a population, situation, or phenomenon. It answers the
questions what, who, when, where, and how, but does not focus on why
things happen.
Examples
A survey describing the percentage of students using social media daily.
Census data describing the age, gender, and occupation of a population.
Observing patient behavior in a hospital ward.
, Methods Used
1. Surveys & Questionnaires – collect opinions, attitudes, and behaviors.
2. Observations – record behaviors or events as they occur.
3. Case Studies – in-depth description of a single individual or group.
4. Documentary Analysis – analyzing existing records or reports.
2. Analytical Research
Analytical research is a type of research that goes beyond description and
involves analyzing, evaluating, and interpreting information or data to
explain why or how a phenomenon occurs.
It often uses existing data, reports, or findings and applies critical thinking,
statistical tools, or theoretical models to draw meaningful conclusions.
Examples
Studying why smoking increases the risk of lung cancer by analyzing
hospital data.
Analyzing economic data to understand factors causing inflation.
Reviewing historical records to explain why a war occurred.
Methods Used
1. Critical analysis of existing literature or data.
2. Statistical methods (e.g., regression, correlation, hypothesis testing).
3. Comparative studies (past vs. present data).
4. Case-control or cohort studies in health sciences.
3. Applied Research
Applied research is a type of research that is conducted to solve practical
problems and improve real-life practices.
