ACE (ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS) Ending with pril
Select Prototype Medication: Captopril monitors BP and HR before giving captopril.
Other medication: Enalapril, Lisinopril, Fosinopril
Mode of Action: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors reduce the production of
angiotensin II by blocking the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II and increasing levels
of bradykinin, leading to the following.
(VASODILATION)Widening of arterioles, removal of sodium and water,
and keeping potassium in the body help protect the blood vessels
and heart from damage caused by angiotensin II and aldosterone.
Therapeutic Use: Hypertension, Heart failure, MI, chronic kidney
Side Effects: First-dose orthostatic hypotension, dizziness,
angioedema, dry cough, elevated potassium (K), headache,
dysrhythmias.
Nursing Considerations/ Monitor: Renal kidney, potassium levels,
(numbness, and tingling)
Contraindications/ precautions: pregnancy, lactation, history of
allergy
Client education: Do not suddenly stop the medications, they need
to be tapered this helps prevent rebound hypertension. Change
position slowly & sit on the side of the bed for a few minutes before
standing.
Avoid potassium-containing foods & pills, salt substitutes contain
potassium, and report to the provider if swelling of the face or
mouth occurs.
***Avoid alcohol, monitor BP and heart rate before giving captopril
ARB’S (ANGIOTENSIN II RECEPTOR BLOCKERS) Ending with sartan
Prototype Medication: Losartan
Other Medications: valsartan, Irbesartan, Candesartan
Mode of Action: blocks the action of angiotensin II, preventing the vessels from constricting
(keeps vessels dilated and manages BP)
Therapeutic uses: Hypertension, Heart failure, Stroke Prevention
*** Side effects: orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, lightheadedness
(especially when standing up) angioedema, hyperkalemia, Fatigue,
or weakness.
Patient education: diet modification: avoid potassium-containing foods &
potassium pills.
This study source was downloaded by 100000901307859 from CourseHero.com on 10-16-2025 09:40:20 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/250629558/ACEdocx/
, Report to the provider if swelling of the face or mouth occurs
Do not suddenly stop the medication; the needs to be taped change position
slowly & sit
on the side of the bed for a few minutes before standing
Avoid activities that require alertness until the effects are known
Contraindications/ precautions/ warnings
Pregnancy, lactation, and reproductive childbearing are ARBS are
contraindicated
Risk of fetal injury
CCB’s (CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS. Calcium channel blockers do not affect
potassium levels
Nifedipine, verapamil, diltiazem, amlodipine
Mode of Action: Nifedipine inhibits calcium ions from entering the cells
calcium increases the contraction of the heart & vascular smooth muscle
By inhibiting calcium vessels relax & the heart’s workload decreases
Therapeutic Uses: Nifedipine, amlodipine, verapamil, Hypertension, stable
angina Dysrhythmias, (atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, SVT
Side Effects: orthostatic hypotension & dizziness, constipation, flushing, headache, peripheral
edema, swelling in the ankles or feet (edema), Muscle cramps, cramp
calcium channel blocker, and it does not significantly affect potassium levels
Patient Education: do not drink grapefruit juice. This can cause severe
hypotension
Do not suddenly stop the medication; they must be tapered
Change position slowly & sit on the side of the bed for a few minutes before
standing
Elevate the legs & use compression to reduce edema.
To help with constipation: fruits, fiber, & fluids
This study source was downloaded by 100000901307859 from CourseHero.com on 10-16-2025 09:40:20 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/250629558/ACEdocx/
Select Prototype Medication: Captopril monitors BP and HR before giving captopril.
Other medication: Enalapril, Lisinopril, Fosinopril
Mode of Action: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors reduce the production of
angiotensin II by blocking the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II and increasing levels
of bradykinin, leading to the following.
(VASODILATION)Widening of arterioles, removal of sodium and water,
and keeping potassium in the body help protect the blood vessels
and heart from damage caused by angiotensin II and aldosterone.
Therapeutic Use: Hypertension, Heart failure, MI, chronic kidney
Side Effects: First-dose orthostatic hypotension, dizziness,
angioedema, dry cough, elevated potassium (K), headache,
dysrhythmias.
Nursing Considerations/ Monitor: Renal kidney, potassium levels,
(numbness, and tingling)
Contraindications/ precautions: pregnancy, lactation, history of
allergy
Client education: Do not suddenly stop the medications, they need
to be tapered this helps prevent rebound hypertension. Change
position slowly & sit on the side of the bed for a few minutes before
standing.
Avoid potassium-containing foods & pills, salt substitutes contain
potassium, and report to the provider if swelling of the face or
mouth occurs.
***Avoid alcohol, monitor BP and heart rate before giving captopril
ARB’S (ANGIOTENSIN II RECEPTOR BLOCKERS) Ending with sartan
Prototype Medication: Losartan
Other Medications: valsartan, Irbesartan, Candesartan
Mode of Action: blocks the action of angiotensin II, preventing the vessels from constricting
(keeps vessels dilated and manages BP)
Therapeutic uses: Hypertension, Heart failure, Stroke Prevention
*** Side effects: orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, lightheadedness
(especially when standing up) angioedema, hyperkalemia, Fatigue,
or weakness.
Patient education: diet modification: avoid potassium-containing foods &
potassium pills.
This study source was downloaded by 100000901307859 from CourseHero.com on 10-16-2025 09:40:20 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/250629558/ACEdocx/
, Report to the provider if swelling of the face or mouth occurs
Do not suddenly stop the medication; the needs to be taped change position
slowly & sit
on the side of the bed for a few minutes before standing
Avoid activities that require alertness until the effects are known
Contraindications/ precautions/ warnings
Pregnancy, lactation, and reproductive childbearing are ARBS are
contraindicated
Risk of fetal injury
CCB’s (CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS. Calcium channel blockers do not affect
potassium levels
Nifedipine, verapamil, diltiazem, amlodipine
Mode of Action: Nifedipine inhibits calcium ions from entering the cells
calcium increases the contraction of the heart & vascular smooth muscle
By inhibiting calcium vessels relax & the heart’s workload decreases
Therapeutic Uses: Nifedipine, amlodipine, verapamil, Hypertension, stable
angina Dysrhythmias, (atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, SVT
Side Effects: orthostatic hypotension & dizziness, constipation, flushing, headache, peripheral
edema, swelling in the ankles or feet (edema), Muscle cramps, cramp
calcium channel blocker, and it does not significantly affect potassium levels
Patient Education: do not drink grapefruit juice. This can cause severe
hypotension
Do not suddenly stop the medication; they must be tapered
Change position slowly & sit on the side of the bed for a few minutes before
standing
Elevate the legs & use compression to reduce edema.
To help with constipation: fruits, fiber, & fluids
This study source was downloaded by 100000901307859 from CourseHero.com on 10-16-2025 09:40:20 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/250629558/ACEdocx/
