PHI 220 EXAM WITH CORRECT ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECTLY WELL DEFINED
ANSWERS LATEST ALREADY GRADED A+ 2025 –
2026
Save
Terms in this set (126)
a posture or attitude of submission and obedience to
piety
an authority you have not chosen. (Plato)
A term coined by C.S. Lewis to describe the state of
public discourse and debate in the 20th century. You
Bulverism have reasons and not causes, while your opponent
has causes and not reasons. " You must show that a
man is wrong before you start explaining he is wrong."
Being indecisive due to an overwhelming amount of
contemporary burden of choices leading you to make decisions on the basis of
choice nothing at all (unique to man). 2 people who avoid this
are the self confident man and addict. (C.S Lewis)
The premise of moral relativism:
1. There are no universal moral principles; however, we
Moral Relativism should all be universally tolerant.
2. Everyone should follow the moral standards of their
culture.
If you tolerate everyone you therefore tolerate the
Tolerance Paradox
intolerant. Solution: Tolerate people not ideas.
, Virtue or excellence. In Socrates definition, virtue is
traits that are neither an inborn quality nor taught but
Areté (virtue)- Socrates
it comes to those who possess it as a gift from the
gods.
Virtue is of two kinds, that of intellect and that of
character. Intellectual virtue comes from teaching.
Virtue of character comes from habituation. Virtue
Virtue- Nietzsche
cannot arise in us by nature: however, nature gives us
the capacity to acquire virtue and contemplation of it
comes through habituation.
A teacher of philosophy, moral skepticism, and
Sophists
suspicious reasoning.
Human flourishing; an activity not a feeling. Cannot be
Eudaemonia
self ascribed and only known at death.
Nietzsche: 3 types of friendships
1st. Pleasure
Taxonomy of Friends
2nd. Utility
3rd. Virtue (complete friendship)
Nietzsche
Master morality: Originates from the noble class and
is characterized by values such as strength, power,
Master Morality
and nobility. Those who embody master morality see
themselves as the creators of values, affirming their
own existence and capabilities.
Emerges from the oppressed or weaker classes. It is
marked by values such as humility, compassion, and
Slave Morality meekness. Nitzsche sees slave morality as a reaction
against master morality, driven by resentment and the
desire for revenge against those who dominate.
, The greatest good for the most significant number.
Critiques of utilitarianism:
1. Does not respect individual rights or freedoms.
Utilitarianism
2. does not define what exactly "good" is
3. The law of unintended consequences (our solutions
inevitably create new problems)
ethical theory that uses rules to distinguish right from
Deontology
wrong
1. There is no pleasure with out pain.
Pleasure Paradox
2. If you aim at pleasure you will not get it.
Theory that analyzes how multiple forms of
Intersectional Hierarchy
oppression and hierarchies of power interact.
Christianity, Judaism, Buddhism, Science. Source of
Nihilism is the transcendental system because they
Transcendental System
drain this life's significance by replacing it with
another.
Polemic controversy; argument; verbal attack
Nietzsche
Blames Transcendental system (Christianity) God is
Nihilism 1 dead. Influenced by Plato's quest for the purpose of
life. There really are no ultimate values (nothing
matters)
Under these conditions some can become strong
enough to invent value (ubermensche). The will will
Nihilism 2 will nothing rather than not will. [will-to-power]. In
order for their to be a chance of meaning, nihilism has
to be a possibility. Source of the idea= freedom.
Avoidance of indulgence; abstinence. Seen as a
Asceticism necessity by philosophers for mental focus and artistic
output.
, Quiz 1, 1. When Euthyphro Euthyphro is on his way to court and prosecute a
meets Socrates what is he murder case against his own father.
on his way to do?
a. Euthyphro is on his way
to meet friends to talk
about courage.
b. Euthyphro has just been
to the market and is on his
way home to visit his
father.
c. Euthyphro is seeking
council from a divine
oracle with regards to
what actions he should do.
d. Euthyphro is on his way
to court to prosecute a
murder case against his
own father.
e. Euthyphro has just been
out all night drinking and
stumbles into Socrates in a
drunken way.
Quiz 1, 2. Which of the "Do what I am doing now"
following best summarizes
Euthyphro's first attempt to
teach Socrates?
a. "Do what I am doing
now"
b. "Learn from the holy
books"
c. "Obey"
d. "What all the gods love
is _____"
e. "The part of justice that
deals with the gods"
QUESTIONS AND CORRECTLY WELL DEFINED
ANSWERS LATEST ALREADY GRADED A+ 2025 –
2026
Save
Terms in this set (126)
a posture or attitude of submission and obedience to
piety
an authority you have not chosen. (Plato)
A term coined by C.S. Lewis to describe the state of
public discourse and debate in the 20th century. You
Bulverism have reasons and not causes, while your opponent
has causes and not reasons. " You must show that a
man is wrong before you start explaining he is wrong."
Being indecisive due to an overwhelming amount of
contemporary burden of choices leading you to make decisions on the basis of
choice nothing at all (unique to man). 2 people who avoid this
are the self confident man and addict. (C.S Lewis)
The premise of moral relativism:
1. There are no universal moral principles; however, we
Moral Relativism should all be universally tolerant.
2. Everyone should follow the moral standards of their
culture.
If you tolerate everyone you therefore tolerate the
Tolerance Paradox
intolerant. Solution: Tolerate people not ideas.
, Virtue or excellence. In Socrates definition, virtue is
traits that are neither an inborn quality nor taught but
Areté (virtue)- Socrates
it comes to those who possess it as a gift from the
gods.
Virtue is of two kinds, that of intellect and that of
character. Intellectual virtue comes from teaching.
Virtue of character comes from habituation. Virtue
Virtue- Nietzsche
cannot arise in us by nature: however, nature gives us
the capacity to acquire virtue and contemplation of it
comes through habituation.
A teacher of philosophy, moral skepticism, and
Sophists
suspicious reasoning.
Human flourishing; an activity not a feeling. Cannot be
Eudaemonia
self ascribed and only known at death.
Nietzsche: 3 types of friendships
1st. Pleasure
Taxonomy of Friends
2nd. Utility
3rd. Virtue (complete friendship)
Nietzsche
Master morality: Originates from the noble class and
is characterized by values such as strength, power,
Master Morality
and nobility. Those who embody master morality see
themselves as the creators of values, affirming their
own existence and capabilities.
Emerges from the oppressed or weaker classes. It is
marked by values such as humility, compassion, and
Slave Morality meekness. Nitzsche sees slave morality as a reaction
against master morality, driven by resentment and the
desire for revenge against those who dominate.
, The greatest good for the most significant number.
Critiques of utilitarianism:
1. Does not respect individual rights or freedoms.
Utilitarianism
2. does not define what exactly "good" is
3. The law of unintended consequences (our solutions
inevitably create new problems)
ethical theory that uses rules to distinguish right from
Deontology
wrong
1. There is no pleasure with out pain.
Pleasure Paradox
2. If you aim at pleasure you will not get it.
Theory that analyzes how multiple forms of
Intersectional Hierarchy
oppression and hierarchies of power interact.
Christianity, Judaism, Buddhism, Science. Source of
Nihilism is the transcendental system because they
Transcendental System
drain this life's significance by replacing it with
another.
Polemic controversy; argument; verbal attack
Nietzsche
Blames Transcendental system (Christianity) God is
Nihilism 1 dead. Influenced by Plato's quest for the purpose of
life. There really are no ultimate values (nothing
matters)
Under these conditions some can become strong
enough to invent value (ubermensche). The will will
Nihilism 2 will nothing rather than not will. [will-to-power]. In
order for their to be a chance of meaning, nihilism has
to be a possibility. Source of the idea= freedom.
Avoidance of indulgence; abstinence. Seen as a
Asceticism necessity by philosophers for mental focus and artistic
output.
, Quiz 1, 1. When Euthyphro Euthyphro is on his way to court and prosecute a
meets Socrates what is he murder case against his own father.
on his way to do?
a. Euthyphro is on his way
to meet friends to talk
about courage.
b. Euthyphro has just been
to the market and is on his
way home to visit his
father.
c. Euthyphro is seeking
council from a divine
oracle with regards to
what actions he should do.
d. Euthyphro is on his way
to court to prosecute a
murder case against his
own father.
e. Euthyphro has just been
out all night drinking and
stumbles into Socrates in a
drunken way.
Quiz 1, 2. Which of the "Do what I am doing now"
following best summarizes
Euthyphro's first attempt to
teach Socrates?
a. "Do what I am doing
now"
b. "Learn from the holy
books"
c. "Obey"
d. "What all the gods love
is _____"
e. "The part of justice that
deals with the gods"
