CMGT 3500 TEST 3 2025 EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Change - ANSWER-Also referred to as extras. When owner makes them they
become modification of contract. If this impacts project cost/duration a change order
is required
Change Order - ANSWER-Changes issued by the owner that requires a change to
the original contract. When GC receives modification proposal- must evaluate the
potential impact the changes will have on the cost/duration, subcontractors involved
in change must also submit quotations. If quotation is acceptable, GC will submit a
change order. Owner evaluates prices proposed by GC, then issues a formal change
order to GC at agreed price, or on a cost-plus basis, or decides not to issue a
change order.
Field Change - ANSWER-Type of change that has no impact on the contract's
duration or amount. Authorized by personnel in the field without owner approval.
Typically, minor, but are required to facilitate the construction effort.
Cardinal Change - ANSWER-a change order that is of such magnitude that the
original scope of the project is altered to an extent that constitutes a new contract
the owner, and the architect/engineer if the owner has transferred to them the ability
to take on that responsibility - ANSWER-Who has the authority to make a change
order?
Pre-bid site investigation - ANSWER-Generally, includes information in the form of
boring logs and results of tests on the indigenous soils, although may be an accurate
representation of the site, it is common practice to stipulate that the contractor make
an independent site visit and investigation.
Differing Site Conditions - ANSWER-2 broad categories- the actual conditions differ
materially or at variance with the conditions indicated in the contract documents. And
the actual conditions are of an unusual nature and differ materially or are at variance
with what the contractor should have reasonably anticipated- not foreseeable.
Documentation - ANSWER-When dealing with changed conditions always
use__________. Including photos, labor costs, equipment costs, etc.
Whatever the contract states. Traditionally, contractor owns the float but the contract
will state exactly. - ANSWER-Who owns float?
Construction Schedules - ANSWER-Show the proposed sequence of work within the
number of working days set up in the contract. Often the owner may require that this
schedule be submitted before the pre-construction conference. The specific
treatment of the schedule in the contract must be carefully examined to determine
the impact of changes and delays.
, Different contractual methods to determine the duration of the project - ANSWER-
Working day, fixed completion date, calendar days, and completion date
Working day contractual method - ANSWER-any day except sat, sun, and holidays
in which the contractor performs work or could have performed work. most
appropriate when the site conditions are subject to delays caused by weather,
differing site conditions. Typically extended construction durations for severe
weather delays
Fixed completion date contractual method - ANSWER-Specified completion date
when the owner needs the project completed by
Calendar days contractual method - ANSWER-represents every day that takes
place, including weekends and holidays. Preferred when time extensions (from
adverse weather) are not generally anticipated
Completion date contractual method - ANSWER-owner would like to occupy and
utilize completed facility by a certain point in time, does not establish a clear value of
the project duration. Sets the completion date for the project, but not the starting
date.
Liquidated damages - ANSWER-The cost to the contractor for each day that the
project extends beyond the contract time. If the project is stated at being 180 days,
the contract may state the contractor must pay $1000 for each day beyond the 180.
These damages provide compensation to the owner for financial and other losses
resulting from delayed completion
3 types of delays - ANSWER-caused by the contractor or the contractors agents,
caused by the owner or the owners agents, caused by acts of god.
Excusable delays (8) - ANSWER-(1) acts of God or of the public enemy,
(2) acts of the Government in either its sovereign or contractual capacity,
(3) fires,
(4) floods,
(5) epidemics,
(7) strikes,
(8) freight embargoes, and
(9) unusually severe weather.
Impacts of delays - ANSWER-adversely affect the construction progress, at least
partially at fault of the owner=disputes. Amount of monetary compensation that is
justified for an owner-caused delay is difficult to asses
Time extensions - ANSWER-Must be in writing, and must be submitted within a
given time after the delay has occurred. May save a contractor money by avoiding
the costly need to accelerate work
Types of acceleration - ANSWER-Actual acceleration and constructive acceleration
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Change - ANSWER-Also referred to as extras. When owner makes them they
become modification of contract. If this impacts project cost/duration a change order
is required
Change Order - ANSWER-Changes issued by the owner that requires a change to
the original contract. When GC receives modification proposal- must evaluate the
potential impact the changes will have on the cost/duration, subcontractors involved
in change must also submit quotations. If quotation is acceptable, GC will submit a
change order. Owner evaluates prices proposed by GC, then issues a formal change
order to GC at agreed price, or on a cost-plus basis, or decides not to issue a
change order.
Field Change - ANSWER-Type of change that has no impact on the contract's
duration or amount. Authorized by personnel in the field without owner approval.
Typically, minor, but are required to facilitate the construction effort.
Cardinal Change - ANSWER-a change order that is of such magnitude that the
original scope of the project is altered to an extent that constitutes a new contract
the owner, and the architect/engineer if the owner has transferred to them the ability
to take on that responsibility - ANSWER-Who has the authority to make a change
order?
Pre-bid site investigation - ANSWER-Generally, includes information in the form of
boring logs and results of tests on the indigenous soils, although may be an accurate
representation of the site, it is common practice to stipulate that the contractor make
an independent site visit and investigation.
Differing Site Conditions - ANSWER-2 broad categories- the actual conditions differ
materially or at variance with the conditions indicated in the contract documents. And
the actual conditions are of an unusual nature and differ materially or are at variance
with what the contractor should have reasonably anticipated- not foreseeable.
Documentation - ANSWER-When dealing with changed conditions always
use__________. Including photos, labor costs, equipment costs, etc.
Whatever the contract states. Traditionally, contractor owns the float but the contract
will state exactly. - ANSWER-Who owns float?
Construction Schedules - ANSWER-Show the proposed sequence of work within the
number of working days set up in the contract. Often the owner may require that this
schedule be submitted before the pre-construction conference. The specific
treatment of the schedule in the contract must be carefully examined to determine
the impact of changes and delays.
, Different contractual methods to determine the duration of the project - ANSWER-
Working day, fixed completion date, calendar days, and completion date
Working day contractual method - ANSWER-any day except sat, sun, and holidays
in which the contractor performs work or could have performed work. most
appropriate when the site conditions are subject to delays caused by weather,
differing site conditions. Typically extended construction durations for severe
weather delays
Fixed completion date contractual method - ANSWER-Specified completion date
when the owner needs the project completed by
Calendar days contractual method - ANSWER-represents every day that takes
place, including weekends and holidays. Preferred when time extensions (from
adverse weather) are not generally anticipated
Completion date contractual method - ANSWER-owner would like to occupy and
utilize completed facility by a certain point in time, does not establish a clear value of
the project duration. Sets the completion date for the project, but not the starting
date.
Liquidated damages - ANSWER-The cost to the contractor for each day that the
project extends beyond the contract time. If the project is stated at being 180 days,
the contract may state the contractor must pay $1000 for each day beyond the 180.
These damages provide compensation to the owner for financial and other losses
resulting from delayed completion
3 types of delays - ANSWER-caused by the contractor or the contractors agents,
caused by the owner or the owners agents, caused by acts of god.
Excusable delays (8) - ANSWER-(1) acts of God or of the public enemy,
(2) acts of the Government in either its sovereign or contractual capacity,
(3) fires,
(4) floods,
(5) epidemics,
(7) strikes,
(8) freight embargoes, and
(9) unusually severe weather.
Impacts of delays - ANSWER-adversely affect the construction progress, at least
partially at fault of the owner=disputes. Amount of monetary compensation that is
justified for an owner-caused delay is difficult to asses
Time extensions - ANSWER-Must be in writing, and must be submitted within a
given time after the delay has occurred. May save a contractor money by avoiding
the costly need to accelerate work
Types of acceleration - ANSWER-Actual acceleration and constructive acceleration
