ASPEN Self-Study CNSC Exam 2025–2026
Accurate Real Exam Questions and Verified
Correct Answers
A patient in your intensive care unit has severe diarrhea secondary
to clostridium difficile toxin. Which of the following acid-base
disorders is likely to occur?
1. metabolic acidosis
2. metabolic alkalosis
3. respiratory acidosis
4. respiratory alkalosis - answer>>>1. metabolic acidosis
What metabolic disturbance does diarrhea lead to and why? -
answer>>>Diarrhea induces gastrointestinal losses of bicarbonate
and can cause a metabolic acidosis (normal anion gap)
Metastatic calcification is a complication of
1. hyperkalemia
2. hypokalemia
3. hyperphosphatemia
4. hypophosphatemia - answer>>>3. hyperphosphatemia
What is the most serious complication of hyperphosphatemia?
How does this occur? - answer>>>Metastatic and vascular
calcification of non-skeletal tissues. This occurs when the
calcium-phosphorus product exceeds 55 mg2/dL2
At what calcium-phosphorus product does metastatic and vascular
calcification of non-skeletal tissue occur? - answer>>>When the
calcium-phosphorus product exceeds 55 mg2/dL2
List 3 consequences of hyperphosphatemia. - answer>>>1. Secondary
, ASPEN Self-Study CNSC Exam 2025–2026
Accurate Real Exam Questions and Verified
Correct Answers
hyperparathyroidism
, ASPEN Self-Study CNSC Exam 2025–2026
Accurate Real Exam Questions and Verified
Correct Answers
2. Renal osteodystrophy
3. Calcification of non-skeletal tissues
What is the recommended blood glucose level for critically ill
patients? - answer>>>For the critically ill patient, blood glucose
levels should be maintained between 140-180 mg/dL. Lower
glucose targets may be appropriate in selected patients. Targets <
110 mg/dL are not recommended
Under conditions of sepsis and stress, which of the following
metabolic alterations are most likely to occur?
1. increased glucose production and increased glucose uptake
2. increased glucose production and decreased glucose uptake
3. decreased glucose production and decreased glucose uptake
4. decreased
glucose production and increased glucose uptake -
answer>>>2. increased glucose production and decreased glucose
uptake
Why is the metabolic response to sepsis and stress characterized by
an increase in glucose production and a decrease in glucose uptake?
What is recommended? - answer>>>Stress hormones induce
insulin resistance and hyperglycemia is commonly observed with
nutrition support. It is recommended that glucose levels be
adequately controlled to avoid polyuria and electrolyte disturbances
Which of the following immunomodulating nutrients may be
harmful in patients with severe sepsis?
1. Arginine
2. Glutamine
, ASPEN Self-Study CNSC Exam 2025–2026
Accurate Real Exam Questions and Verified
Correct Answers
3. Nucleic acids
4. Omega-3 fatty acids - answer>>>1. Arginine
Accurate Real Exam Questions and Verified
Correct Answers
A patient in your intensive care unit has severe diarrhea secondary
to clostridium difficile toxin. Which of the following acid-base
disorders is likely to occur?
1. metabolic acidosis
2. metabolic alkalosis
3. respiratory acidosis
4. respiratory alkalosis - answer>>>1. metabolic acidosis
What metabolic disturbance does diarrhea lead to and why? -
answer>>>Diarrhea induces gastrointestinal losses of bicarbonate
and can cause a metabolic acidosis (normal anion gap)
Metastatic calcification is a complication of
1. hyperkalemia
2. hypokalemia
3. hyperphosphatemia
4. hypophosphatemia - answer>>>3. hyperphosphatemia
What is the most serious complication of hyperphosphatemia?
How does this occur? - answer>>>Metastatic and vascular
calcification of non-skeletal tissues. This occurs when the
calcium-phosphorus product exceeds 55 mg2/dL2
At what calcium-phosphorus product does metastatic and vascular
calcification of non-skeletal tissue occur? - answer>>>When the
calcium-phosphorus product exceeds 55 mg2/dL2
List 3 consequences of hyperphosphatemia. - answer>>>1. Secondary
, ASPEN Self-Study CNSC Exam 2025–2026
Accurate Real Exam Questions and Verified
Correct Answers
hyperparathyroidism
, ASPEN Self-Study CNSC Exam 2025–2026
Accurate Real Exam Questions and Verified
Correct Answers
2. Renal osteodystrophy
3. Calcification of non-skeletal tissues
What is the recommended blood glucose level for critically ill
patients? - answer>>>For the critically ill patient, blood glucose
levels should be maintained between 140-180 mg/dL. Lower
glucose targets may be appropriate in selected patients. Targets <
110 mg/dL are not recommended
Under conditions of sepsis and stress, which of the following
metabolic alterations are most likely to occur?
1. increased glucose production and increased glucose uptake
2. increased glucose production and decreased glucose uptake
3. decreased glucose production and decreased glucose uptake
4. decreased
glucose production and increased glucose uptake -
answer>>>2. increased glucose production and decreased glucose
uptake
Why is the metabolic response to sepsis and stress characterized by
an increase in glucose production and a decrease in glucose uptake?
What is recommended? - answer>>>Stress hormones induce
insulin resistance and hyperglycemia is commonly observed with
nutrition support. It is recommended that glucose levels be
adequately controlled to avoid polyuria and electrolyte disturbances
Which of the following immunomodulating nutrients may be
harmful in patients with severe sepsis?
1. Arginine
2. Glutamine
, ASPEN Self-Study CNSC Exam 2025–2026
Accurate Real Exam Questions and Verified
Correct Answers
3. Nucleic acids
4. Omega-3 fatty acids - answer>>>1. Arginine
