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BIOD 331 Final Exam Newest 2025/ 2026 Complete
Questions And Correct Answers WITH RATIONALES
(Verified Answers) |Already Graded A+|| LATEST
EXAM!!!
Your patient has recently been diagnosed with GERD.
They have been prescribed a PPI for treatment. List TWO
beverages and/or foods they should limit or eliminate from
their diet to prevent worsening of symptoms. - ANSWER-
Any of the following are correct answers: coffee/caffeine,
chocolate, mints, citrus fruits, acidic/spicy foods, or fats.
Your patient has recently been diagnosed with GERD.
They have been prescribed a PPI for treatment. List TWO
behavioral modifications they could adopt to prevent
worsening of symptoms. - ANSWER-Any of the following
are correct answers: Avoid positions that increase reflux,
like lying down immediately after eating or bending.
Avoiding large meals close to bedtime and sleeping with
the head elevated may help to prevent reflux at night.
Weight loss is recommended if needed.
Each of the following are risk factors for secondary
hyperlipidemia except? - ANSWER-Autosomal dominant
disorder of LDL receptor
YES --> obesity, DM, high cholesterol diet
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Explain the diagnostic criteria required for an autoimmune
disease to be concluded. - ANSWER-In order for an
autoimmune disorder to be concluded, the following
criteria must be met: evidence of an autoimmune reaction,
the immunologic findings are not secondary to another
condition, and no other identifiable causes are found.
Diagnosis of an autoimmune disease is made by following
patient history, physical evidence, and serological findings.
Explain why blood tests alone are not enough to diagnose
an autoimmune disorder. - ANSWER-Blood testing can be
imprecise, as some tests are more generic and can be
elevated in the presence of other diseases.
Briefly explain why autoimmune diseases are difficult to
diagnose - ANSWER-There are over 80 identified
autoimmune disorders identified, many with overlapping
and/or nonspecific presentations, making an accurate
diagnosis can be quite challenging.
Risk factors for coronary heart disease include each of the
following except: - ANSWER-HDL > 60
YES --> smoking, HTN, family Hx
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A patient has experienced a seizure affecting the left
temporal lobe. The family reports that the patient exhibited
repetitive lip smacking and hand rubbing followed by a
period of great fear and insecurity. They have experienced
which type of seizure? - ANSWER-Focal seizure with
impairment of consciousness or awareness
A patient experiences a seizure that manifests with motor
weakness on the right side, a tingling sensation on the
right side, and flushing. They have experienced which type
of seizure? - ANSWER-Focal seizure without impairment
of consciousness or awareness
A patient experiences a seizure that manifests with
repetitive hand rubbing and reports of hallucinations right
before the seizure occurred. They have experienced which
type of seizure? - ANSWER-Focal seizure with impairment
of consciousness or awareness
Patient is found to have the above:
1. What risk factors mostly led to this disease state?
2. What is this person at risk for developing?
3. What lifestyle modifications would you suggest for
them? - ANSWER-Picture is of an atherosclerotic plaque
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1. Hyperlipidemia, cigarette smoking, obesity and visceral
fat, hypertension, diabetes mellitus. Increasing age, family
history of premature CHD, and male sex. May also include
C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum lipoprotein (a)
2. Coronary artery disease, angina, myocardial infarction,
aneurysm, stroke (ischemia, thrombosis, emboli).
3. Stop smoking, lose weight/exercise, healthy diet (low-
fat, low-cholesterol), adhere to medication for blood
pressure, hyperlipidemia, and/or diabetes.
An increase in the size of an organ or tissue due to the
increase in size of the cells that comprise it is called: -
ANSWER-Hypertrophy
A decrease in the size of an organ or tissue resulting from
a decrease in the mass of pre-existing cells is called: -
ANSWER-Atrophy
A patient is experiencing a severe reduction in GFR, and
their GFR is 15-29 mL/min/1.73m2. What stage of kidney
disease are they in? - ANSWER-4
A patient is experiencing kidney damage with a mild
decrease in GFR, and their GFR is 60-89 mL/min/1.73m².
What stage of kidney disease are they in? - ANSWER-2
BIOD 331 Final Exam Newest 2025/ 2026 Complete
Questions And Correct Answers WITH RATIONALES
(Verified Answers) |Already Graded A+|| LATEST
EXAM!!!
Your patient has recently been diagnosed with GERD.
They have been prescribed a PPI for treatment. List TWO
beverages and/or foods they should limit or eliminate from
their diet to prevent worsening of symptoms. - ANSWER-
Any of the following are correct answers: coffee/caffeine,
chocolate, mints, citrus fruits, acidic/spicy foods, or fats.
Your patient has recently been diagnosed with GERD.
They have been prescribed a PPI for treatment. List TWO
behavioral modifications they could adopt to prevent
worsening of symptoms. - ANSWER-Any of the following
are correct answers: Avoid positions that increase reflux,
like lying down immediately after eating or bending.
Avoiding large meals close to bedtime and sleeping with
the head elevated may help to prevent reflux at night.
Weight loss is recommended if needed.
Each of the following are risk factors for secondary
hyperlipidemia except? - ANSWER-Autosomal dominant
disorder of LDL receptor
YES --> obesity, DM, high cholesterol diet
,2|Page
Explain the diagnostic criteria required for an autoimmune
disease to be concluded. - ANSWER-In order for an
autoimmune disorder to be concluded, the following
criteria must be met: evidence of an autoimmune reaction,
the immunologic findings are not secondary to another
condition, and no other identifiable causes are found.
Diagnosis of an autoimmune disease is made by following
patient history, physical evidence, and serological findings.
Explain why blood tests alone are not enough to diagnose
an autoimmune disorder. - ANSWER-Blood testing can be
imprecise, as some tests are more generic and can be
elevated in the presence of other diseases.
Briefly explain why autoimmune diseases are difficult to
diagnose - ANSWER-There are over 80 identified
autoimmune disorders identified, many with overlapping
and/or nonspecific presentations, making an accurate
diagnosis can be quite challenging.
Risk factors for coronary heart disease include each of the
following except: - ANSWER-HDL > 60
YES --> smoking, HTN, family Hx
,3|Page
A patient has experienced a seizure affecting the left
temporal lobe. The family reports that the patient exhibited
repetitive lip smacking and hand rubbing followed by a
period of great fear and insecurity. They have experienced
which type of seizure? - ANSWER-Focal seizure with
impairment of consciousness or awareness
A patient experiences a seizure that manifests with motor
weakness on the right side, a tingling sensation on the
right side, and flushing. They have experienced which type
of seizure? - ANSWER-Focal seizure without impairment
of consciousness or awareness
A patient experiences a seizure that manifests with
repetitive hand rubbing and reports of hallucinations right
before the seizure occurred. They have experienced which
type of seizure? - ANSWER-Focal seizure with impairment
of consciousness or awareness
Patient is found to have the above:
1. What risk factors mostly led to this disease state?
2. What is this person at risk for developing?
3. What lifestyle modifications would you suggest for
them? - ANSWER-Picture is of an atherosclerotic plaque
, 4|Page
1. Hyperlipidemia, cigarette smoking, obesity and visceral
fat, hypertension, diabetes mellitus. Increasing age, family
history of premature CHD, and male sex. May also include
C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum lipoprotein (a)
2. Coronary artery disease, angina, myocardial infarction,
aneurysm, stroke (ischemia, thrombosis, emboli).
3. Stop smoking, lose weight/exercise, healthy diet (low-
fat, low-cholesterol), adhere to medication for blood
pressure, hyperlipidemia, and/or diabetes.
An increase in the size of an organ or tissue due to the
increase in size of the cells that comprise it is called: -
ANSWER-Hypertrophy
A decrease in the size of an organ or tissue resulting from
a decrease in the mass of pre-existing cells is called: -
ANSWER-Atrophy
A patient is experiencing a severe reduction in GFR, and
their GFR is 15-29 mL/min/1.73m2. What stage of kidney
disease are they in? - ANSWER-4
A patient is experiencing kidney damage with a mild
decrease in GFR, and their GFR is 60-89 mL/min/1.73m².
What stage of kidney disease are they in? - ANSWER-2
