LATEST NOTES ON PHILOSOPHY WITH EASE OF
UNDERSTANDING(GRADED A + AND 100% GURANTEED
PASS)
PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION
DEFINITION OF PHILOSOPHY
• The word philosophy is derived from two Greek words; “Philein" which means "look
for" or "search for" and “sophia" which means "wisdom, understanding, knowledge"
• Hence philosophy is a combination from the two Greek words and literally means "love
of wisdom or search for wisdom or both
• Philosophy can be defined as search for knowledge or wisdom using logical
reasoning/argument
• Study of general and fundamental questions, such as those about reason, existence,
knowledge, values, mind, and language
• A study of human morals, character, and behavior.
• An academic discipline that seeks knowledge through reasoning
STYLES/MODES OF PHILOSOPHY AND FUNCTIONS
There five styles of philosophy in relation to function or what philosophy does
a) Prescriptive philosophy and function
• Refers to a pre-packaged system of morals which establishes standards for assessing
values, judging conducts and what we mean by good or bad, right or wrong, beautiful or
ugly.
• it rejects sensory evidence and instead seeks to use pure reason to say how the world
must logically be
b) Analytical Philosophy and function
• This has to do with breaking of knowledge into parts for the clarification of ideas, issues
and statements to enable us understand the subject matters of other disciplines.
c) Speculative Philosophy and function
• The mind is set to speculate about things one is not sure of when one can imagine things
that are possible or impossible.
• This thinking and speculation issue is done within the context of one`s social, political,
physical or economic environment.
d) Normative philosophy and function
• This style/ mode of philosophy which distinguishes or judges what is right or wrong in
, regard to what ought to be or in relation to what has been prescribed as standard of
behavior or morality.
• Philosophers seek to find out the ideal concept as it should be and judge how it actually
is.
e) Synthetic philosophy and function
• This philosophy seeks to weave various disciplines into a holistic item which serves to
facilitate interdisciplinary interaction among academic disciplines with a view to shape
inside and open new avenues of inquiry
• It also brings together insights, knowledge, and arguments from various discipline for
example in sciences aimed to provide and account of complex systems and connect
these to a wider culture or other philosophical projects
PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION
• It refers to searching for knowledge, wisdom and truth as it relates to educational issues,
problems
• Application of rational methods to solve educational problems and issues
• It refers to addressing educational issues and problems using logical reasoning
• It refers to principles and practices that guide education process
• It is a discipline or mode of thought that provides educators with education perspectives
• refers to an activity of classifying terms, thoughts and principles that guide education
• A branch, of philosophy that is concerned with every aspect of the educational enterprise
• It is a general principle or theoretical framework expected to guide or inform educational
practices
Every country education system is based on a conceptual framework that is more general than
one that guides activities at a particular educational institution.
• Within the framework, there are main educational goals and methods of determining whether
the goals have been achieved and specifically defined
• After after independence Kenya developed the first philosophy of education through
recommendation of Ominde report of 1964 which came out with the first five national
goals of education
• Since independence, philosophy of education has been redefined from time to time through
various committees, commissions and presidential working parties.
• The current eight national goals of education form our philosophy of education in Kenya
They include;
, • Foster nationalism, patriotism, and promote national unity
• Promote international consciousness and foster positive attitudes towards other nations
• To promote social, economic, technological and industrial needs for national
development
• Promote individual development and self-fulfillment
• Promote sound moral and religious values.
• Promote social equity and responsibility
• Promote respect for and development of Kenya's rich and varied cultures
• Promote sound moral and religious values
• Promote positive attitudes towards good health and environmental protection
IMPORTANCE OF PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION TO THE TEACHER
1. It guides education policy design
2. It encourages the teachers to be rational in trying to solve problems facing education
3. It helps the teacher to think logically and consistently about education
4. It cautions the teaches to examine different beliefs and retain only the reasonable ones as
beliefs affect our course of action
5. It cautions the teacher to be well behaved and morally upright in order to exemplary the
youth
6. Helps the teacher to clarify education ideas and concepts without in unnecessary arguments
7. It helps the teacher to impart knowledge from what learned and from written thoughts of
philosophers
8. Ethics help the teacher to learn the acceptable human behavior and mould the students
according
9. The teacher learns to examine education critically thus giving the teacher insight so as to
improve practice
10. Spells out the values of society which influence the kind of education to be offered
11. Helps develop positive attitude towards life and work
12. Helps the teacher to make nations assumptions, decision and judgement in education
13. Spells out the purpose and meaning of education
, TYPES OF PHILOSOPHY
1. General philosophy
2. Technical philosophy
1) GENERAL PHILOSOPHY
• It is a theoretical framework that guide actions; personal, institutional or national and
guided by principles, rules and procedures
• Refers to the principles, rules or values that guide the life of an individual, organization
or a nation
Examples of general philosophy
• Personal principles that guide personal behavior
• Rules or statements of what can, should or must be done in a particular circumstance
• Principles that define and guide groups such as families, churches, clubs and societies
• National philosophies to guide the citizens such as Harambee spirit in Kenya, Ujamaa in
Tanzania, Communism in China and capitalism in America
Relevance of general philosophy to education
• Schools instill discipline to students through school rules and regulations
• Schools have vision, mission and value statements to guide their operations
• Schools prepare students to be fit and relevant to their communities
1. TECHNICAL PHILOSOPHY
• Also called professional philosophy and is restricted to scholars who have undergone
formal training
• It is an academic discipline with a methodology of study like in geographical and
history
• It is a field of specialization by scholars as a field of study
• It has its roots in the western world where main scholars provided its base
• Technical philosophy is logical, consistent and systematic in thinking to arrive at a
conclusion
• Philosophers criticize the ideas don’t take things for granted but argue about everything
• They hold conclusions tentatively as new evidence can change conclusions
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN TECHNICAL AND GENERAL PHILOSOPHY
1. It is framework that guides action 1. academic discipline with content and
methods of study
2. conclusions are rigid 2. Has tentative conclusion provide room for
more knowledge
3. everybody is considered a 3. it is restricted to scholars
philosopher
4. may not be written down and if 4. it is written and systematic in theory and
written may not be systematic in practice
practice
5. expressed inform of beliefs/slogans or 5. expressed inform of scholars articles and
UNDERSTANDING(GRADED A + AND 100% GURANTEED
PASS)
PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION
DEFINITION OF PHILOSOPHY
• The word philosophy is derived from two Greek words; “Philein" which means "look
for" or "search for" and “sophia" which means "wisdom, understanding, knowledge"
• Hence philosophy is a combination from the two Greek words and literally means "love
of wisdom or search for wisdom or both
• Philosophy can be defined as search for knowledge or wisdom using logical
reasoning/argument
• Study of general and fundamental questions, such as those about reason, existence,
knowledge, values, mind, and language
• A study of human morals, character, and behavior.
• An academic discipline that seeks knowledge through reasoning
STYLES/MODES OF PHILOSOPHY AND FUNCTIONS
There five styles of philosophy in relation to function or what philosophy does
a) Prescriptive philosophy and function
• Refers to a pre-packaged system of morals which establishes standards for assessing
values, judging conducts and what we mean by good or bad, right or wrong, beautiful or
ugly.
• it rejects sensory evidence and instead seeks to use pure reason to say how the world
must logically be
b) Analytical Philosophy and function
• This has to do with breaking of knowledge into parts for the clarification of ideas, issues
and statements to enable us understand the subject matters of other disciplines.
c) Speculative Philosophy and function
• The mind is set to speculate about things one is not sure of when one can imagine things
that are possible or impossible.
• This thinking and speculation issue is done within the context of one`s social, political,
physical or economic environment.
d) Normative philosophy and function
• This style/ mode of philosophy which distinguishes or judges what is right or wrong in
, regard to what ought to be or in relation to what has been prescribed as standard of
behavior or morality.
• Philosophers seek to find out the ideal concept as it should be and judge how it actually
is.
e) Synthetic philosophy and function
• This philosophy seeks to weave various disciplines into a holistic item which serves to
facilitate interdisciplinary interaction among academic disciplines with a view to shape
inside and open new avenues of inquiry
• It also brings together insights, knowledge, and arguments from various discipline for
example in sciences aimed to provide and account of complex systems and connect
these to a wider culture or other philosophical projects
PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION
• It refers to searching for knowledge, wisdom and truth as it relates to educational issues,
problems
• Application of rational methods to solve educational problems and issues
• It refers to addressing educational issues and problems using logical reasoning
• It refers to principles and practices that guide education process
• It is a discipline or mode of thought that provides educators with education perspectives
• refers to an activity of classifying terms, thoughts and principles that guide education
• A branch, of philosophy that is concerned with every aspect of the educational enterprise
• It is a general principle or theoretical framework expected to guide or inform educational
practices
Every country education system is based on a conceptual framework that is more general than
one that guides activities at a particular educational institution.
• Within the framework, there are main educational goals and methods of determining whether
the goals have been achieved and specifically defined
• After after independence Kenya developed the first philosophy of education through
recommendation of Ominde report of 1964 which came out with the first five national
goals of education
• Since independence, philosophy of education has been redefined from time to time through
various committees, commissions and presidential working parties.
• The current eight national goals of education form our philosophy of education in Kenya
They include;
, • Foster nationalism, patriotism, and promote national unity
• Promote international consciousness and foster positive attitudes towards other nations
• To promote social, economic, technological and industrial needs for national
development
• Promote individual development and self-fulfillment
• Promote sound moral and religious values.
• Promote social equity and responsibility
• Promote respect for and development of Kenya's rich and varied cultures
• Promote sound moral and religious values
• Promote positive attitudes towards good health and environmental protection
IMPORTANCE OF PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION TO THE TEACHER
1. It guides education policy design
2. It encourages the teachers to be rational in trying to solve problems facing education
3. It helps the teacher to think logically and consistently about education
4. It cautions the teaches to examine different beliefs and retain only the reasonable ones as
beliefs affect our course of action
5. It cautions the teacher to be well behaved and morally upright in order to exemplary the
youth
6. Helps the teacher to clarify education ideas and concepts without in unnecessary arguments
7. It helps the teacher to impart knowledge from what learned and from written thoughts of
philosophers
8. Ethics help the teacher to learn the acceptable human behavior and mould the students
according
9. The teacher learns to examine education critically thus giving the teacher insight so as to
improve practice
10. Spells out the values of society which influence the kind of education to be offered
11. Helps develop positive attitude towards life and work
12. Helps the teacher to make nations assumptions, decision and judgement in education
13. Spells out the purpose and meaning of education
, TYPES OF PHILOSOPHY
1. General philosophy
2. Technical philosophy
1) GENERAL PHILOSOPHY
• It is a theoretical framework that guide actions; personal, institutional or national and
guided by principles, rules and procedures
• Refers to the principles, rules or values that guide the life of an individual, organization
or a nation
Examples of general philosophy
• Personal principles that guide personal behavior
• Rules or statements of what can, should or must be done in a particular circumstance
• Principles that define and guide groups such as families, churches, clubs and societies
• National philosophies to guide the citizens such as Harambee spirit in Kenya, Ujamaa in
Tanzania, Communism in China and capitalism in America
Relevance of general philosophy to education
• Schools instill discipline to students through school rules and regulations
• Schools have vision, mission and value statements to guide their operations
• Schools prepare students to be fit and relevant to their communities
1. TECHNICAL PHILOSOPHY
• Also called professional philosophy and is restricted to scholars who have undergone
formal training
• It is an academic discipline with a methodology of study like in geographical and
history
• It is a field of specialization by scholars as a field of study
• It has its roots in the western world where main scholars provided its base
• Technical philosophy is logical, consistent and systematic in thinking to arrive at a
conclusion
• Philosophers criticize the ideas don’t take things for granted but argue about everything
• They hold conclusions tentatively as new evidence can change conclusions
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN TECHNICAL AND GENERAL PHILOSOPHY
1. It is framework that guides action 1. academic discipline with content and
methods of study
2. conclusions are rigid 2. Has tentative conclusion provide room for
more knowledge
3. everybody is considered a 3. it is restricted to scholars
philosopher
4. may not be written down and if 4. it is written and systematic in theory and
written may not be systematic in practice
practice
5. expressed inform of beliefs/slogans or 5. expressed inform of scholars articles and
