FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING – COMPLETE EXAM
WITH CHAPTER SUMMARIES, CORE CONCEPTS,
CURRENTLY TESTING QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
FOR NURSING EXAMS
5 vital signs
respirations, pulse rate, blood pressure, temperature, and pain
Nursing is recognized as profession based on what criteria
-well defined body specific and unique knowledge
-strong service orientation
-recognized authority by a professional group (ANA)
-code of ethics
-professional organization that sets standards
-ongoing research
-autonomy and self-regulation
Florence Nightingale
defined nursing as both an art and science, differentiated nursing from medicine, created
freestanding nursing education, published books; founder of modern nursing
Clara Barton
established red cross; volunteered to care for wounds and feed union soldiers during civil war;
served as supervisor of nurses for the army of James
goals of nursing research
-improve care in clinical setting
-study ppl and nurse process: education, policy development, ethics, nursing history
-develop greater autonomy and strength as a profession
-provide evidence-based nursing practice
evidence-based practice (EBP)
a problem-solving approach to making clinical decisions, using the best evidence available;
blends both science and art of nursing so best outcomes are achieved; may consist of specific
nursing interventions or use guidelines established for the care of patients
steps in implementing EBP
, Step 1: ask a question about a clinical area of interest or an intervention
Step 2: collect the most relevant and best evidence
Step 3: Critically appraise the evidence
Step 4: integrate the evidence w/ clinical expertise, patient preferences, and values in making a
decision to change
Step 5: evaluate the practice decision or change
human dimensions that compose the whole person:
physical, intellectual, environmental, spiritual, sociocultural, and emotional
acute illness
rapid onset of symptoms and lasts only a short time; examples: cold, diarrhea, pneumonia,
appendicitis
chronic illness
slow onset, characteristics: permanent change, caused by change in anatomy, requires special
patient education, long period of care or support; examples: heart disease, diabetes, lung
diseases, and arthritis
stages-of-illness behaviors
Stage 1: experiencing symptoms
Stage 2: assuming the sick role
Stage 3: assuming a dependent role
Stage 4: achieving recovery and rehabilitation
primary health promotion
directed towards PROMOTING health and PREVENTING the development of disease processes
or injury; example: immunization clinic, family planning services, accident prevention education
secondary health promotion
focus on SCREENING for early detection of disease with prompt diagnosis and treatment of any
found; example: assessing children for normal growth and development and encourage regular
medical, dental and vision exams
tertiary health promotion
after an illness is diagnosed and treated;
example: teaching a patient with diabetes how to recognize and prevent complications, refer
woman to support group after removal of breast due to cancer
maslow hierarchy of needs
WITH CHAPTER SUMMARIES, CORE CONCEPTS,
CURRENTLY TESTING QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
FOR NURSING EXAMS
5 vital signs
respirations, pulse rate, blood pressure, temperature, and pain
Nursing is recognized as profession based on what criteria
-well defined body specific and unique knowledge
-strong service orientation
-recognized authority by a professional group (ANA)
-code of ethics
-professional organization that sets standards
-ongoing research
-autonomy and self-regulation
Florence Nightingale
defined nursing as both an art and science, differentiated nursing from medicine, created
freestanding nursing education, published books; founder of modern nursing
Clara Barton
established red cross; volunteered to care for wounds and feed union soldiers during civil war;
served as supervisor of nurses for the army of James
goals of nursing research
-improve care in clinical setting
-study ppl and nurse process: education, policy development, ethics, nursing history
-develop greater autonomy and strength as a profession
-provide evidence-based nursing practice
evidence-based practice (EBP)
a problem-solving approach to making clinical decisions, using the best evidence available;
blends both science and art of nursing so best outcomes are achieved; may consist of specific
nursing interventions or use guidelines established for the care of patients
steps in implementing EBP
, Step 1: ask a question about a clinical area of interest or an intervention
Step 2: collect the most relevant and best evidence
Step 3: Critically appraise the evidence
Step 4: integrate the evidence w/ clinical expertise, patient preferences, and values in making a
decision to change
Step 5: evaluate the practice decision or change
human dimensions that compose the whole person:
physical, intellectual, environmental, spiritual, sociocultural, and emotional
acute illness
rapid onset of symptoms and lasts only a short time; examples: cold, diarrhea, pneumonia,
appendicitis
chronic illness
slow onset, characteristics: permanent change, caused by change in anatomy, requires special
patient education, long period of care or support; examples: heart disease, diabetes, lung
diseases, and arthritis
stages-of-illness behaviors
Stage 1: experiencing symptoms
Stage 2: assuming the sick role
Stage 3: assuming a dependent role
Stage 4: achieving recovery and rehabilitation
primary health promotion
directed towards PROMOTING health and PREVENTING the development of disease processes
or injury; example: immunization clinic, family planning services, accident prevention education
secondary health promotion
focus on SCREENING for early detection of disease with prompt diagnosis and treatment of any
found; example: assessing children for normal growth and development and encourage regular
medical, dental and vision exams
tertiary health promotion
after an illness is diagnosed and treated;
example: teaching a patient with diabetes how to recognize and prevent complications, refer
woman to support group after removal of breast due to cancer
maslow hierarchy of needs
