NUR 210 Exam 3 Study Guide Principles of Pharmacology Galen College of Nursing | Complete, Updated Notes and Key Concepts for Drug Classifications, Mechanisms of Action, Side Effects, and Nursing Interventions | Includes Detailed Rationales, Practice Ques

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NUR 210 Exam 3 Study Guide
Principles of Pharmacology - Galen
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Pharm Exam 3
Unit 7-9

Antihypertensives
- Must have 2 separate readings at 2 separate appointments to be considered HTN
- Two reasons
o Too much fluid
o Vasoconstriction
- Risk Factors
o Excessive intake of saturated fat and simple carbs
o Alcohol
o Obesity
- Nonpharmacologic control
o Stress reduce techniques
o Exercise
o Salt restriction
o Decrease alcohol ingestion
o Smoking cessation
- Antihypertensive Drugs
o Diuretics
o Beta adrenergic
blockers o Alpha
adrenergic blockers o
Calcium channel
blockers
o Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors
o Angiotensin 2 receptor blockers
- **notify provider if any sudden extreme decrease in BP

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- Beta adrenergic blockers (olol)
o Metoprolol – more selective beta 1
o Propranolol – non-selective – blocks beta 1 and beta 2
o Uses
▪ HTN
▪ Anti-dysrhythmic and anti-angina
▪ Lowers BP and HR
o Side effects
▪ Drowsiness
▪ Fatigue
o Adverse effects
▪ Hypotension
▪ Bradycardia
o Contraindications
▪ Hypotension
▪ Bradycardia


▪ Acute CHF
▪ **Propranolol contraindicated with asthma or COPD
▪ **Diabetes
Can mask hypoglycemia
o Interactions
▪ NSAIDS
● Decrease the effect
▪ Alcohol
▪ Any other HTN medications
- Alpha-adrenergic blockers
o Prazosin
o Vasodilation and decreased BP
o Uses
▪ HTN
▪ Heart failure
▪ BPH
▪ Hyperlipidemia
o Good choice for diabetics or COPD patients, don’t have effects as beta-blocker
o Side effects
▪ Dizzy, drowsy, headache
▪ **Peripheral edema, weight gain
▪ Urinary incontinence
▪ Erectile dysfunction
o Adverse effects
▪ Orthostatic hypotension
▪ Palpitations
▪ Elevated liver enzymes

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o Contraindications
▪ Hypotension
o Interactions
▪ Other HTN meds
▪ High protein binding drugs
▪ Alcohol
▪ OTC cold medications
- Calcium Channel Blockers (pine)
o Amlodipin
eo Verapamil
o Diltiazem
o Blocks calcium’s movement in and out of cells which promotes vasodilation and
decreased HR
o Uses
▪ HTN
▪ Anti-angina
▪ Anti-dysrhythmic
▪ Peripheral vascular disease
o Side effects
▪ Flushing
▪ **Headache
▪ Dizziness
▪ **Peripheral edema
▪ Erectile dysfunction
o Adverse effects
▪ Hypotension
▪ Bradycardia
o Contraindications
▪ Hepatic impairment
o Interactions
▪ Other HTN medications
▪ OTC cold medications
▪ NSAID
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
(pril)
o Lisinopril
o Inhibits formation of angiotensin 2 (strong vasoconstrictor) and blocks release of
aldosterone (holds onto water & Na, releases K)
o By inhibiting angiotensin 2 the patient has inhibited vasoconstriction (results in
vasodilation) and releases water and Na and holds K
o Uses
▪ HTN
▪ Heart failure
o Side effects
▪ **Constant irritating non-productive cough
▪ Headache
▪ GI upset
▪ Insomnia
▪ Erectile dysfunction