1
GMS – 6440 MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY
EXAM 1 EXAM WITH CORRECT ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECTLY WELL
DEFINED ANSWERS LATEST ALREADY
GRADED A+ 2025 – 2026
What chemical component of the plasma membrane prevents ions from readily
and freely moving across the membrane? - (ANSWER)Lipids (phospholipids)
Where is the concentration of [K+] greater? - (ANSWER)In the cytoplasm
Across a cell's plasma membrane, movemen of water is a ___________ event. -
(ANSWER)Passive through a channel.
Where is the concentration of [Na+] greater? - (ANSWER)In the extracellular
fluid.
For a neutrally charged molecule, "Active" transport means the molecules move
across a membrane from? - (ANSWER)A low concentration to a higher
concentration.
What molecule is the source of energy for primary active transport to occur? -
(ANSWER)ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
, 2
True of False: There is only one type of channel in cell membranes. -
(ANSWER)False.
True or False: Regarding primary active transport, solutes move from a
compartment of low concentration to a compartment of high concentration. -
(ANSWER)True. Always low to high.
True or False: Regarding secondary active transport of glucose, the movement of
glucose is from a compartment of high concentration to a compartment of low
concentration. - (ANSWER)False.
True or False: All transport through membrane channels is classified "Active"
transport. - (ANSWER)False.
True or False: Electrolytes are pumped and leaked across cell membranes
simultaneously but independently. - (ANSWER)True.
At what point in time does the electrochemical equilibrium potential exist? -
(ANSWER)At equilibrium.
What major factor that regulates an electrolyte's electrochemical equilibrium
potential across a cell membrane? - (ANSWER)Concentration (chemical) gradient.
True or False: The electrochemical equilibrium potential for a single highly
permant ion species is controlled by the concentration gradient. - (ANSWER)True.
, 3
True or False: Movement of a charge electrolyte is determined by the major
forces of voltage plus chemical concentration gradients. - (ANSWER)True.
True or False: The cellular K+ Electrochemical Equilibrium Potential is regulated by
concentration differences across the plasma membranes. - (ANSWER)True.
Which of these ion choices is primarily responsible for establishing a typical cell
membrane's resting potential?
A. Mg++
B. Na+
C. K+ - (ANSWER)K+
True or False: Excessive extracellular acid (i.e. [H+]) will raise the concentration of
extracellular potassium ion concentration. - (ANSWER)True.
True or False: Cell Membrane Potential is controlled by the relative degree of ion
permeability as well as ion concentration gradients existing across a cell's plasma
membrane. - (ANSWER)True.
True or False: Rhabdomyolysis can lead to cardiac muscle cell pathology as the
result of creating a condition of hyperkalemia (excessive K+ concentration in the
plasma). - (ANSWER)True.
, 4
True or False: A normal lean person consists of 90% water. - (ANSWER)False, 60%
water.
True or False: Most of the sodium in the body is inside the cells. - (ANSWER)False,
it is extracellular. K+ is intracellular.
True or False: The capillary is the main barrier between the intracellular and
extracellular fluids. - (ANSWER)False. The cell wall, also called the plasma
membrane, separates ICF and ECF. The capillary separates the interstitium and
the plasma which are both subcompartments of the ECF.
True or False: To measure the volume of the entire extracellular fluid
compartment, we use a substance that moves freely across the capillary but
cannot enter the cell. - (ANSWER)True. An example is insulin.
True or False: Water and small solutes move across the capillary wall by active
transport. - (ANSWER)False. All movement across the capillary wall is PASSIVE.
Driven only by hydrostatic and colloid osmotic (oncotic) pressures.
True or False: The osmolality of the body fluids is greater when all the solutes are
large. - (ANSWER)False. The total number of particles, irrespective of size,
determines the osmolality.
True or False: All water movement in and out of cell is passive. - (ANSWER)True.
All water movement is driven by solute (osmotic) gradients across the cell wall.
GMS – 6440 MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY
EXAM 1 EXAM WITH CORRECT ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECTLY WELL
DEFINED ANSWERS LATEST ALREADY
GRADED A+ 2025 – 2026
What chemical component of the plasma membrane prevents ions from readily
and freely moving across the membrane? - (ANSWER)Lipids (phospholipids)
Where is the concentration of [K+] greater? - (ANSWER)In the cytoplasm
Across a cell's plasma membrane, movemen of water is a ___________ event. -
(ANSWER)Passive through a channel.
Where is the concentration of [Na+] greater? - (ANSWER)In the extracellular
fluid.
For a neutrally charged molecule, "Active" transport means the molecules move
across a membrane from? - (ANSWER)A low concentration to a higher
concentration.
What molecule is the source of energy for primary active transport to occur? -
(ANSWER)ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
, 2
True of False: There is only one type of channel in cell membranes. -
(ANSWER)False.
True or False: Regarding primary active transport, solutes move from a
compartment of low concentration to a compartment of high concentration. -
(ANSWER)True. Always low to high.
True or False: Regarding secondary active transport of glucose, the movement of
glucose is from a compartment of high concentration to a compartment of low
concentration. - (ANSWER)False.
True or False: All transport through membrane channels is classified "Active"
transport. - (ANSWER)False.
True or False: Electrolytes are pumped and leaked across cell membranes
simultaneously but independently. - (ANSWER)True.
At what point in time does the electrochemical equilibrium potential exist? -
(ANSWER)At equilibrium.
What major factor that regulates an electrolyte's electrochemical equilibrium
potential across a cell membrane? - (ANSWER)Concentration (chemical) gradient.
True or False: The electrochemical equilibrium potential for a single highly
permant ion species is controlled by the concentration gradient. - (ANSWER)True.
, 3
True or False: Movement of a charge electrolyte is determined by the major
forces of voltage plus chemical concentration gradients. - (ANSWER)True.
True or False: The cellular K+ Electrochemical Equilibrium Potential is regulated by
concentration differences across the plasma membranes. - (ANSWER)True.
Which of these ion choices is primarily responsible for establishing a typical cell
membrane's resting potential?
A. Mg++
B. Na+
C. K+ - (ANSWER)K+
True or False: Excessive extracellular acid (i.e. [H+]) will raise the concentration of
extracellular potassium ion concentration. - (ANSWER)True.
True or False: Cell Membrane Potential is controlled by the relative degree of ion
permeability as well as ion concentration gradients existing across a cell's plasma
membrane. - (ANSWER)True.
True or False: Rhabdomyolysis can lead to cardiac muscle cell pathology as the
result of creating a condition of hyperkalemia (excessive K+ concentration in the
plasma). - (ANSWER)True.
, 4
True or False: A normal lean person consists of 90% water. - (ANSWER)False, 60%
water.
True or False: Most of the sodium in the body is inside the cells. - (ANSWER)False,
it is extracellular. K+ is intracellular.
True or False: The capillary is the main barrier between the intracellular and
extracellular fluids. - (ANSWER)False. The cell wall, also called the plasma
membrane, separates ICF and ECF. The capillary separates the interstitium and
the plasma which are both subcompartments of the ECF.
True or False: To measure the volume of the entire extracellular fluid
compartment, we use a substance that moves freely across the capillary but
cannot enter the cell. - (ANSWER)True. An example is insulin.
True or False: Water and small solutes move across the capillary wall by active
transport. - (ANSWER)False. All movement across the capillary wall is PASSIVE.
Driven only by hydrostatic and colloid osmotic (oncotic) pressures.
True or False: The osmolality of the body fluids is greater when all the solutes are
large. - (ANSWER)False. The total number of particles, irrespective of size,
determines the osmolality.
True or False: All water movement in and out of cell is passive. - (ANSWER)True.
All water movement is driven by solute (osmotic) gradients across the cell wall.
