Bio 220 Exam 2 Study Guide GCU
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Factors that limit population size
disease, war, famine, migration, high infant mortality, cultural factors (late
marriage) etc.
Carrying Capacity
number of organisms in a given species that can be supported indefinitely
Malthus
Wrote "An Essay on the Principle of Population" 1798
-predicts population (exponential growth) will outgrow food supply (steady growth)--
environmental degradation
Demography
-The scientific study of population ecology to the study of humans
-Vital statistics: population size, structure, sex, age, BR, DR, migration
Crude Birth Rate
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number of births per year for every 1,000 people
Crude Death Rate
number of deaths per year for every 1,000 people
Marx
Argues population growth results from poverty and resource depletion
Zero Population Growth
occurs when birth rate and death rate are equal/stable
Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
estimated average number of children a woman produces in her child
bearing years
Replacement Fertility Rate
number of offspring a couple produces to replace themselves
Natural Growth Rate
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the difference between the crude birthrate and crude death rate (BR - DR)
Factors that affect life expectancy.
-age
-healthcare/technology
-nutritious food
-better sanitation
-awareness/availability of resources (health care)
Dependency Ratio
-number of non-working compared to working individuals in a population
-US concern: not enough incoming working class to replace retired
Poverty & Population Growth factors
-higher poverty levels equate to higher population growth
-economic development allows for population control (education in family planning & access to
resources)
Empowering women
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