HLST 110 Final Exam Ques ons and answers Newest
RATED A+ 2025/2026 UPDATED
How is health a social phenomenon ? - Ans-Shaped by local values and beliefs
- Contested in socio-poli cal se ngs then we need to aknowledge that these are contested
reali es
Poli cs - Ansthe set of ac vi es that are associated with making decisions in groups, or other
forms of power rela ons between individuals, such as the distribu on of resources or status
Values - Ansbasic and fundamental beliefs that guide or mo vate a tudes or ac ons
Law - Anssystem of rules which a par cular group recognizes as regula ng the ac ons of its
members and which it may enforce by the imposi on of penal es
Bioethics - Ansmoral discernment as it relates to medical policy and prac ce; values rela ng to
primary care and other branches of medicine.
When do conflicts arise ? - AnsThey frequently arise between actors involved in the clinical
rela onship and between facets of evidence-based medicine
Evidence -Based Medicine - Anso.en privileges research evidence and clinical exper se and
clinicians frequently fail to solicit and/or respect pa ent values, preferences, or beliefs as part of
a shared decision-making team
Values-Based Medicine - Ans-places the pa ent, their care, and their well-being at the center
of care
,-> the pa ent's dignity + rights should be respected at all mes
- The complexity of contemporary medical decision making:
->life-sustaining technologies and ques ons of quality of life, resource alloca on, and decision-
making.
-Works to protect the preroga ves of individual pa ents in the face of popula on-based
protocols
-> 'Best-prac ces': interven ons that are accepted as most effec ve based on research evidence
What makes up Medical Ethics ? - Ans1. Beneficence
2. Non-Maleficence
3. Autonomy
4. Jus ce
5. Dignity
6. Truth
Beneficence - Ans-Do good for pa ents
-Duty of care
Non-Maleficence - AnsDo no harm to pa ents
Autonomy - Ans-Right of pa ent to accept or refuse any treatment (con sent)
,- Decision-making that is informed and free from coercion
-Freedom of Choice:
ex: Jehovah witness -> Religious Beliefs & Personal Values and Preferences
-Self as an individual preference structure, point of moral regula on is to increase exercise of
personal choice, free will, and individual liberty
-"Harms" , 'rights ', "jus ce"
Jus ce - Ans-Equitable access to healthcare
- Equal distribu on of benefits and burdens
Dignity - Ans-Recogni on of all pa ents' inherent worth and need for self-esteem
-Includes right to privacy and confiden ality
Truth - Ans-Providing pa ents with their own health informa on
- Ensuring pa ents are fully-informed
What is the third leading cause of death in Canada a.er cancer and heart disease ? -
AnsMedical errors, in Canada, medical errors account for 28,000 deaths yearly, according to the
Canadian Pa ent Safety Ins tute.
, Why is Autonomy a Tricky One ? - Ans- Must have the capacity to receive, retain, and repeat
informa on, provided the informa on is complete and given to them in a manner that they can
understand.
-usually expressed as the right of competent adults to make informed decisions about their own
medical care
- requires pa ents to be free from coercion
- capacity-> informa on-> voluntariness
What is capacity and competence made up of ? - Ans-Age ?
- Intellectual disability ?
- Mental disorder (schizophrenia , anorexia nervosa) ?
-Neurodevelopmental disorders (intellectual disability, au sm) ?
-Neurodegenera ve disorders (Alzheimer's disease )?
-Impaired state?
-does not include harm
ex vaxteen
Medical Ethics - Ans-derived from the tradi on of human rights-universal set of en tlements
that applies to all humans
-Care obliga on: Do good, Do no harm.
RATED A+ 2025/2026 UPDATED
How is health a social phenomenon ? - Ans-Shaped by local values and beliefs
- Contested in socio-poli cal se ngs then we need to aknowledge that these are contested
reali es
Poli cs - Ansthe set of ac vi es that are associated with making decisions in groups, or other
forms of power rela ons between individuals, such as the distribu on of resources or status
Values - Ansbasic and fundamental beliefs that guide or mo vate a tudes or ac ons
Law - Anssystem of rules which a par cular group recognizes as regula ng the ac ons of its
members and which it may enforce by the imposi on of penal es
Bioethics - Ansmoral discernment as it relates to medical policy and prac ce; values rela ng to
primary care and other branches of medicine.
When do conflicts arise ? - AnsThey frequently arise between actors involved in the clinical
rela onship and between facets of evidence-based medicine
Evidence -Based Medicine - Anso.en privileges research evidence and clinical exper se and
clinicians frequently fail to solicit and/or respect pa ent values, preferences, or beliefs as part of
a shared decision-making team
Values-Based Medicine - Ans-places the pa ent, their care, and their well-being at the center
of care
,-> the pa ent's dignity + rights should be respected at all mes
- The complexity of contemporary medical decision making:
->life-sustaining technologies and ques ons of quality of life, resource alloca on, and decision-
making.
-Works to protect the preroga ves of individual pa ents in the face of popula on-based
protocols
-> 'Best-prac ces': interven ons that are accepted as most effec ve based on research evidence
What makes up Medical Ethics ? - Ans1. Beneficence
2. Non-Maleficence
3. Autonomy
4. Jus ce
5. Dignity
6. Truth
Beneficence - Ans-Do good for pa ents
-Duty of care
Non-Maleficence - AnsDo no harm to pa ents
Autonomy - Ans-Right of pa ent to accept or refuse any treatment (con sent)
,- Decision-making that is informed and free from coercion
-Freedom of Choice:
ex: Jehovah witness -> Religious Beliefs & Personal Values and Preferences
-Self as an individual preference structure, point of moral regula on is to increase exercise of
personal choice, free will, and individual liberty
-"Harms" , 'rights ', "jus ce"
Jus ce - Ans-Equitable access to healthcare
- Equal distribu on of benefits and burdens
Dignity - Ans-Recogni on of all pa ents' inherent worth and need for self-esteem
-Includes right to privacy and confiden ality
Truth - Ans-Providing pa ents with their own health informa on
- Ensuring pa ents are fully-informed
What is the third leading cause of death in Canada a.er cancer and heart disease ? -
AnsMedical errors, in Canada, medical errors account for 28,000 deaths yearly, according to the
Canadian Pa ent Safety Ins tute.
, Why is Autonomy a Tricky One ? - Ans- Must have the capacity to receive, retain, and repeat
informa on, provided the informa on is complete and given to them in a manner that they can
understand.
-usually expressed as the right of competent adults to make informed decisions about their own
medical care
- requires pa ents to be free from coercion
- capacity-> informa on-> voluntariness
What is capacity and competence made up of ? - Ans-Age ?
- Intellectual disability ?
- Mental disorder (schizophrenia , anorexia nervosa) ?
-Neurodevelopmental disorders (intellectual disability, au sm) ?
-Neurodegenera ve disorders (Alzheimer's disease )?
-Impaired state?
-does not include harm
ex vaxteen
Medical Ethics - Ans-derived from the tradi on of human rights-universal set of en tlements
that applies to all humans
-Care obliga on: Do good, Do no harm.
