Rasmussen College: PN1 TEST 2 Exam Review Questions & Answers Latest update.

1. The most accurate information concerning a client’s pain comes from the nurse’s assessment or the client? Information from the client Is objective or subjective data more important? Subjective When objective and subjective data about a client’s pain are in conflict, which report should the nurse consider as the primary source? Pain is always subjective “subject says”. 2. When administering pain medication, is it the most appropriate to administer the minimum dose and reevaluate the client’s pain after 30 minutes or administer the highest pain medication dosage to ensure the client’s pain is relieved? If BP is slow, start low. If patient comes out of surgery and pain is an 8 pushing the max dose is at the nurses discretion. 3. What physiological changes can occur when a client is in acute pain? -  BP, Resp Rate,  Pulse - Dilated Pupils - Perspiration (Diaphoresis/sweating) - Pallor (pale skin) How can a nurse assess a non-verbal client for pain? Wong Baker Face Scale, or non-verbal cues (grimacing, rolling on bed, fetal position). What is the difference between pain quality and intensity? Quality = Type (sharp, dull, stabbing, numb) Intensity = How bad it hurts (scale of 1-10) 4. What are the signs of a client in chronic pain? - Lasts over 6 months - Persistent - Constant/recurrent - Produces negative changes in life (withdrawn, frail) - Body adapts (moves slowly to avoid movement of painful areas) - Needs reg assessment & diff approach to treatment 5. What is the gate control theory? Things other than medications can help relief pain (communication ie. Saying someone will be okay and rubbing their backs, therapy, acupuncture) 6. Review hypertension stepped-care approach, food with elevated sodium levels, know which ethnic group tends to develop hypertension earlier in life. African Americans are higher risk, change in lifestyle & diet first, then diuretics (which eliminate water from the body by passing urine more frequently). 7. Review the difference between primary (essential) hypertension and secondary hypertension. - Primary Hypertension: More common, is the  in BP due to unknown causes - Secondary Hypertension: Rarer, renal or endocrine disease process that results in  BP Which type is rarer? Secondary 8. What mm/hg is normal for blood pressure? 120/80 What are palpitations? Heart is racing, pounding, fluttering, skipping a beat often, bothersome but rarely a sign of heart attack. What is the “fifth” vital sign? - Body temperature - Pulse - Respirations - Blood Pressure - Pain 9. Review the Joint Commissions standards related to pain management. Each client’s pain must be treated individually due to different interpretations of pain and different goals of pain relief. Do previous experiences, cultures, age, poverty level, or educational level affect a client’s pain experience? (Which ones do not?) Education level & poverty level do not. 10. Do older clients fear being labeled as “complainers” and avoid requesting medications? They often live with the pain in fear of being labeled as a complainer or a bother, nurse should encourage to request pain relief when needed.