Orthopedics - Neoplastic Disease and Amputations
1. Is benign or malignant disease more common?: MC is benign disease
2. What are osteosarcomas?: - rapidly destructive
- have metastatic potential
- have a tendency to locally recur
3. Who are sarcomas MC in?: MC in older patients, older than 55 y/o
- 15% in <15 y/o
4. What is tumorigenesis?: - multifactorial process due to mutations in oncogenes that causes soft tissue
tumors
5. What is the cell cycle that leads to the development of soft tissue tumors?: G1
(gap 1)
S (DNA synthesis)
G2 (gap 20)
M (mitosis)
6. What is the difference between oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes?: -
1/9
,Oncogenes are stimulatory
- Tumor suppressor genes are inhibitory
7. What environmental factors can contribute to the development of MSK tu-
mors?: - radiation
- chemical carcinogens (benzene)
- oncogenic viral infections (HPV)
8. Describe the etiology of MSK tumors.: - regulatory proteins and checkpoints are disrupted,
causing mutations to occur at an alarming rate
9. What can MSK tumors be caused by?: - inherited mutations
10. What are 7 questions that must be asked in the workup of a possible tumor?-
: 1. Patient's age
2. Duration of the complaint
3. Rate of growth
4. Pain associated with the mass
5. History of trauma
6. Personal or family history of cancer
2/9
, 7. Systemic signs or symptoms (fatigue/weakness, night sweats, fever, chills, weight loss)
3/9
1. Is benign or malignant disease more common?: MC is benign disease
2. What are osteosarcomas?: - rapidly destructive
- have metastatic potential
- have a tendency to locally recur
3. Who are sarcomas MC in?: MC in older patients, older than 55 y/o
- 15% in <15 y/o
4. What is tumorigenesis?: - multifactorial process due to mutations in oncogenes that causes soft tissue
tumors
5. What is the cell cycle that leads to the development of soft tissue tumors?: G1
(gap 1)
S (DNA synthesis)
G2 (gap 20)
M (mitosis)
6. What is the difference between oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes?: -
1/9
,Oncogenes are stimulatory
- Tumor suppressor genes are inhibitory
7. What environmental factors can contribute to the development of MSK tu-
mors?: - radiation
- chemical carcinogens (benzene)
- oncogenic viral infections (HPV)
8. Describe the etiology of MSK tumors.: - regulatory proteins and checkpoints are disrupted,
causing mutations to occur at an alarming rate
9. What can MSK tumors be caused by?: - inherited mutations
10. What are 7 questions that must be asked in the workup of a possible tumor?-
: 1. Patient's age
2. Duration of the complaint
3. Rate of growth
4. Pain associated with the mass
5. History of trauma
6. Personal or family history of cancer
2/9
, 7. Systemic signs or symptoms (fatigue/weakness, night sweats, fever, chills, weight loss)
3/9
