Orthopedics - Foot and Ankle QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS | GRADED A+

Orthopedics - Foot and Ankle


1. What is radionuclide imaging (bone scans) useful for?: - for stress & occult fractures that


will show new obsteoblastic activity

2. What is the foot x-ray series?: - PA


- oblique
- lateral

3. What structures form the hindfoot?: - talus and calcaneus


4. What structures form the midfoot?: - navicular


- cuboid
- 3 cuneiforms

5. What structures form the forefoot?: - five metatarsals


- 14 phalanges

6. What are the 3 arches of the foot and their functions?: - 2 longitudinal arches, which help


absorb force and aid in weight-bearing

- Transverse arch which helps with movement of foot
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,7. What are stress fractures also known as?: - fatigue or march fractures


8. Who are stress fractures MC in?: - military recruits


- young athletes doing vigorous exercise
- cyclical loading that overwhelms bone physiologic repair

9. What are clinical findings of stress fractures?: - pain at rest that is increased by walking


- swelling and point tenderness

10. What appears on x-ray for stress fractures?: - often appear normal initially


11. What appears on x-ray for stress fractures about 2-3 weeks post injury?: -


callous formation with the fracture healing noted

12. What type of imaging is often used to find stress occult fractures?: - Bone scan


- CT
- MRI


Any of these imaging modalities may be used to diagnose stress occult fractures

13. How are stress fractures treated?: 1. Protect in short leg cast, walking boot, or heavy stiff-soled


shoe
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, - restrict weight bearing for usually 3-4 weeks or until the pain is gone




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