December 6
● Geoengineering: large planet wide engineering projects that would mitigate effects of cc
● Three choices
1. Reduce incident solar radiation- blocking incoming sunlight
2. Increase how much solar radiation is reflected and not absorbed- increasing
albedo
3. Reduce how much sunlight we absorb by atmosphere and re-emitted- reducing
GHG
● Solar radiation management: large planet wide engineering projects that reduce solar
radiation and increase planet’s albedo to reflect more solar radiation without absorption
○ Examples: aerosol if placed in stratosphere, sulfate aerosols scatter sunlight
■ Cloud brightening (sea water); increases number and change size of
water drops in cloud
■ Fertilize DMS and DMSO production by algae- DMS is a sulfur gas that
escapes the ocean and contributes to cloud reflectivity
○ Space mirrors and space screens, put into space between sun and earth moon
dust or asteroid dust- mined or blasted from moon or asteroids to create dust
shield
○ Smaller scale projects: white roofing and reflective sheeting
● Carbon sequestration: large planet wide engineering projects that would reduce
concentration of GHG mainly co2, reduce radiative forcing from greenhouse effect,
reduce non climate impacts of increasing CO2 such as ocean acidification
○ For effective carbon sequestration we need to reduce or cease GHG emissions,
and speed up natural rate at which Co2 is removed from the atmosphere and go
back to preindustrial times
○ Agricultural solutions: there is strong capacity to better manage agriculture to
reduce GHG emissions. Better soil management
■ Switchgrass, biofuels and biochar
○ Biological carbon sequestration takes advantage of life and photosynthesis
■ Ocean fertilization solutions- ironEx, EisenEx, Planktos, Haida Gwaii
○ In many areas of the ocean, iron is a growth-limiting nutrient
■ Supply more iron→ more algae growth→ some algae sink to
seafloor → biomass gets permanently buried in sediments =
carbon storage
○ Geological carbon sequestration; Co2 absorbs onto organic materials (coal,
petroleum, graphite)
■ Co2 reacts with minerals to form carbonate minerals
■ Co2 dissolves into deep saline groundwater that can’t otherwise be used
December 11
Final review
● Lecture 1: what is the IPCC and what is its history
● Lecture 2: GHG and GHG effect
● Lecture 3: recent rise in atmospheric GHG
This study source was downloaded by 100000889810302 from CourseHero.com on 10-17-2025 03:07:16 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/51165707/final-exam-geography/
● Geoengineering: large planet wide engineering projects that would mitigate effects of cc
● Three choices
1. Reduce incident solar radiation- blocking incoming sunlight
2. Increase how much solar radiation is reflected and not absorbed- increasing
albedo
3. Reduce how much sunlight we absorb by atmosphere and re-emitted- reducing
GHG
● Solar radiation management: large planet wide engineering projects that reduce solar
radiation and increase planet’s albedo to reflect more solar radiation without absorption
○ Examples: aerosol if placed in stratosphere, sulfate aerosols scatter sunlight
■ Cloud brightening (sea water); increases number and change size of
water drops in cloud
■ Fertilize DMS and DMSO production by algae- DMS is a sulfur gas that
escapes the ocean and contributes to cloud reflectivity
○ Space mirrors and space screens, put into space between sun and earth moon
dust or asteroid dust- mined or blasted from moon or asteroids to create dust
shield
○ Smaller scale projects: white roofing and reflective sheeting
● Carbon sequestration: large planet wide engineering projects that would reduce
concentration of GHG mainly co2, reduce radiative forcing from greenhouse effect,
reduce non climate impacts of increasing CO2 such as ocean acidification
○ For effective carbon sequestration we need to reduce or cease GHG emissions,
and speed up natural rate at which Co2 is removed from the atmosphere and go
back to preindustrial times
○ Agricultural solutions: there is strong capacity to better manage agriculture to
reduce GHG emissions. Better soil management
■ Switchgrass, biofuels and biochar
○ Biological carbon sequestration takes advantage of life and photosynthesis
■ Ocean fertilization solutions- ironEx, EisenEx, Planktos, Haida Gwaii
○ In many areas of the ocean, iron is a growth-limiting nutrient
■ Supply more iron→ more algae growth→ some algae sink to
seafloor → biomass gets permanently buried in sediments =
carbon storage
○ Geological carbon sequestration; Co2 absorbs onto organic materials (coal,
petroleum, graphite)
■ Co2 reacts with minerals to form carbonate minerals
■ Co2 dissolves into deep saline groundwater that can’t otherwise be used
December 11
Final review
● Lecture 1: what is the IPCC and what is its history
● Lecture 2: GHG and GHG effect
● Lecture 3: recent rise in atmospheric GHG
This study source was downloaded by 100000889810302 from CourseHero.com on 10-17-2025 03:07:16 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/51165707/final-exam-geography/
