BMSC 200 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
a ______ binds at a specific site on the protein called the ___________ - answer-
ligand, binding site
the binding of a ligand may cause __________ in the protein - answer- a
conformational change
the amount of oxygen can ________ - answer- limit an organisms size
oxygen is poorly soluble in ______ - answer- aqueous solutions
myoglobin - answer- monomeric protein
hemoglobin - answer- tetrameric protein
myoglobin is an example of ______ - answer- tertiary structure
hemoglobin is an example of ________ - answer- quaternary structure
_______ has a higher affinity for oxygen - answer- myoglobin
Heme consists of _______ - answer- a photo porphyrin ring bound to a single Fe+2
atom
________ uses heme to enable O2 binding - answer- myoglobin and hemoglobin
Fe+2 seeks 6 coordinating interactions: - answer- 4 with heme, 1 with imidazole, and
1 is free for O2 bonding
CO has ______ greater affinity than O2 to hemoglobin - answer- 200x
myoglobin with 1 heme group can bind ________ - answer- 1 oxygen molecule
hemoglobin with 4 hem groups can bind ________ - answer- 4 oxygen molecules
myoglobin has _______ for oxygen binding - answer- hyperbolic curve (only one
curve)
hemoglobin has ______ for oxygen binding - answer- sigmoidal behaviour
x axis of O2 binding curve - answer- partial pressure O2
y axis of O2 binding curve - answer- fraction saturation of O2 of the protein
the p50 of myoglobin is - answer- 3 torr
,Hemoglobin is found in_______ - answer- red blood cells
hemoglobin is an ______ protein - answer- allosteric
allosteric proteins - answer- can adopt 2 different conformations
T state - answer- inactive, releases O2 to pheriphery
R state - answer- active, higher affinity for O2, saturates O2 in the lungs
proteins with _____ cannot achieve a cooperative effect - answer- single ligand
binding site
allosteric effectors (modulators) - answer- bind allosteric proteins at specific sites
allosteric activators - answer- stabilize the R state
allosteric inhibitors - answer- stabilize the T state
when the ligand and the modulator are the same the interaction is _______ -
answer- homotropic
when the ligand and the modulator are different the interaction is _____ - answer-
heterotropic
Example of homotropic activator - answer- oxygen
example of heterotropic inhibitor - answer- 2,3 BPG
when ligand binding induces a conformation it is called ________ - answer- induced
fit
the P50 for hemoglobin is - answer- 30 torr
hemoglobin works as both - answer- a sensor and responder to hypoxia
2,3 BPG - answer- decreases hemoglobins affinity for oxygen
Adaptation to high altitude - answer- increased 2,3 BPG decreases Hb's O2 affinity
The bohr effect - answer- at decreased pH Hb has a lower affinity for O2
increased muscle activity - answer- lowers pH
Bohr effect - answer- releases oxygen to active tissues
How CO2 is transported in the blood - answer- CO2 is taken into red blood cells and
converted to bicarbonate and a proton, the proton decreases the pH and more O2 is
produced
, sickle cell anemia - answer- results from a single amino acid change (Glu6Val)
in SCA the cells in T state - answer- link together to form fibres
SCA red blood cells act as - answer- a plug which blocks blood flow
hemocyanin - answer- uses copper to bind oxygen
hemocyanin has no ______ - answer- heme group
hemocyanin is not localized within - answer- specialized oxygen transport cells
membranes are built from - answer- amphapathic molecules
membranes are impermeable to - answer- polar molecules
liposomes act as - answer- a vesicle for delivery through membranes
membranes are primarily made up of - answer- lipids and protiens
most active membranes have a higher ratio of - answer- protein to lipid
proteins and lipids move across the membrane - answer- laterally, rapidly
flippases - answer- enzymes that catalyze the transfer of lipids from one side of the
bilayer to the other
lipid raft - answer- a group of lipids that float together as a unit within a larger sea of
lipids
lipid rafts arise from - answer- spontaneous association of lipid molecules whose
tails are similar lengths
apoptosis - answer- cell destruction
peripheral membrane proteins - answer- associated with membrane through
electrostatic or hydrogen bonding interactions
bulk of peripheral proteins are found in - answer- cytosol or extracellular space
lipid anchored membrane protein - answer- can anchor proteins to the membrane,
post translational modification
GI anchored proteins are always found on - answer- outer face
Integral membrane protiens - answer- are immersed in the span of the membrane
side chains within the transmembrane region are nonpolar except for - answer-
carbonyl and amide groups
AND ANSWERS
a ______ binds at a specific site on the protein called the ___________ - answer-
ligand, binding site
the binding of a ligand may cause __________ in the protein - answer- a
conformational change
the amount of oxygen can ________ - answer- limit an organisms size
oxygen is poorly soluble in ______ - answer- aqueous solutions
myoglobin - answer- monomeric protein
hemoglobin - answer- tetrameric protein
myoglobin is an example of ______ - answer- tertiary structure
hemoglobin is an example of ________ - answer- quaternary structure
_______ has a higher affinity for oxygen - answer- myoglobin
Heme consists of _______ - answer- a photo porphyrin ring bound to a single Fe+2
atom
________ uses heme to enable O2 binding - answer- myoglobin and hemoglobin
Fe+2 seeks 6 coordinating interactions: - answer- 4 with heme, 1 with imidazole, and
1 is free for O2 bonding
CO has ______ greater affinity than O2 to hemoglobin - answer- 200x
myoglobin with 1 heme group can bind ________ - answer- 1 oxygen molecule
hemoglobin with 4 hem groups can bind ________ - answer- 4 oxygen molecules
myoglobin has _______ for oxygen binding - answer- hyperbolic curve (only one
curve)
hemoglobin has ______ for oxygen binding - answer- sigmoidal behaviour
x axis of O2 binding curve - answer- partial pressure O2
y axis of O2 binding curve - answer- fraction saturation of O2 of the protein
the p50 of myoglobin is - answer- 3 torr
,Hemoglobin is found in_______ - answer- red blood cells
hemoglobin is an ______ protein - answer- allosteric
allosteric proteins - answer- can adopt 2 different conformations
T state - answer- inactive, releases O2 to pheriphery
R state - answer- active, higher affinity for O2, saturates O2 in the lungs
proteins with _____ cannot achieve a cooperative effect - answer- single ligand
binding site
allosteric effectors (modulators) - answer- bind allosteric proteins at specific sites
allosteric activators - answer- stabilize the R state
allosteric inhibitors - answer- stabilize the T state
when the ligand and the modulator are the same the interaction is _______ -
answer- homotropic
when the ligand and the modulator are different the interaction is _____ - answer-
heterotropic
Example of homotropic activator - answer- oxygen
example of heterotropic inhibitor - answer- 2,3 BPG
when ligand binding induces a conformation it is called ________ - answer- induced
fit
the P50 for hemoglobin is - answer- 30 torr
hemoglobin works as both - answer- a sensor and responder to hypoxia
2,3 BPG - answer- decreases hemoglobins affinity for oxygen
Adaptation to high altitude - answer- increased 2,3 BPG decreases Hb's O2 affinity
The bohr effect - answer- at decreased pH Hb has a lower affinity for O2
increased muscle activity - answer- lowers pH
Bohr effect - answer- releases oxygen to active tissues
How CO2 is transported in the blood - answer- CO2 is taken into red blood cells and
converted to bicarbonate and a proton, the proton decreases the pH and more O2 is
produced
, sickle cell anemia - answer- results from a single amino acid change (Glu6Val)
in SCA the cells in T state - answer- link together to form fibres
SCA red blood cells act as - answer- a plug which blocks blood flow
hemocyanin - answer- uses copper to bind oxygen
hemocyanin has no ______ - answer- heme group
hemocyanin is not localized within - answer- specialized oxygen transport cells
membranes are built from - answer- amphapathic molecules
membranes are impermeable to - answer- polar molecules
liposomes act as - answer- a vesicle for delivery through membranes
membranes are primarily made up of - answer- lipids and protiens
most active membranes have a higher ratio of - answer- protein to lipid
proteins and lipids move across the membrane - answer- laterally, rapidly
flippases - answer- enzymes that catalyze the transfer of lipids from one side of the
bilayer to the other
lipid raft - answer- a group of lipids that float together as a unit within a larger sea of
lipids
lipid rafts arise from - answer- spontaneous association of lipid molecules whose
tails are similar lengths
apoptosis - answer- cell destruction
peripheral membrane proteins - answer- associated with membrane through
electrostatic or hydrogen bonding interactions
bulk of peripheral proteins are found in - answer- cytosol or extracellular space
lipid anchored membrane protein - answer- can anchor proteins to the membrane,
post translational modification
GI anchored proteins are always found on - answer- outer face
Integral membrane protiens - answer- are immersed in the span of the membrane
side chains within the transmembrane region are nonpolar except for - answer-
carbonyl and amide groups
