Pharmacology Exam 2 | Practice
Questions with Answers | Complete
Review Material
what makes up the CNS?
brain and spinal cord
what are some of the basic actions of CNS drugs?
• relief of pain
• induction of anesthesia
• prevention of epileptic seizures
• treatment of depression
• reduction of anxiety
• special important (humans): recreational uses → addition/ overdose (alcohol, tea and
coffee, nicotine, cannabis, ecstasy, opiods, cocaine, amphetamines)
CNS agents can either be ______ or _______ of the CNS
depressants or stimulants
CNS drugs affect the brain by altering some step
in the neurotransmission process influencing the production, storage, release, or termination of
action of neurotransmitters (NTs)
what makes up the PNS?
autonomic and somatic nervous systems
what are the two branches of the autonomic nervous system?
parasympathetic and sympathetic branches
describe parasympathetic nervous system
• relaxed or resting state
• “rest and digest”
• counteracts sympathetic
,describe sympathetic nervous system
• emergency/ stress situations
• “fight or flight”
• allows body to function under stress
• counteracts the parasympathetic
define neurons
are specialized nerve cells that can receive and transmit chemical and electrical signals
what cells of the nervous system are classified as glial cells?
• astrocytes
• oligodendrocytes
• microglial cells
• ependymal cells
what is the function of oligodendrocytes?
provide myelin for axons
what are the 4 basic components of the neuron?
• dendrite
• soma
• axon
• axon terminal
define action potential
are electrical signals carried along neurons
define neurotransmitter
the chemical messengers released from presynaptic neurons so they can “talk” to neighboring
cells
what are the two types of synapses?
• electrical
• chemical
, what constitutes an electrical synapse?
gap junction proteins
what are the 2 types of chemical synpase receptors?
• ionotropic
• metabotropic
T/F: Action potentials can be bidirectional
False, they are only uni-directional
T/F: action potentials are like a light switch, its all or nothing
True
define membrane potential
the differences between inside and outside of the cell
the inside of the cell is more _____ compared to the outside in the resting state
negative
describe electrical synapse
• voltage-gated ion channels
• gap junction proteins
• very fast
• hard to control
describe chemical synapse
• ligand-gated ion proteins
• G-protein coupled receptors
• can be controlled
what is the main target for most existing drugs?
GPCRs
GPCRs are compared of ___ transmembrane helixes
7
what are the basic steps in which a GPCR functions?
Questions with Answers | Complete
Review Material
what makes up the CNS?
brain and spinal cord
what are some of the basic actions of CNS drugs?
• relief of pain
• induction of anesthesia
• prevention of epileptic seizures
• treatment of depression
• reduction of anxiety
• special important (humans): recreational uses → addition/ overdose (alcohol, tea and
coffee, nicotine, cannabis, ecstasy, opiods, cocaine, amphetamines)
CNS agents can either be ______ or _______ of the CNS
depressants or stimulants
CNS drugs affect the brain by altering some step
in the neurotransmission process influencing the production, storage, release, or termination of
action of neurotransmitters (NTs)
what makes up the PNS?
autonomic and somatic nervous systems
what are the two branches of the autonomic nervous system?
parasympathetic and sympathetic branches
describe parasympathetic nervous system
• relaxed or resting state
• “rest and digest”
• counteracts sympathetic
,describe sympathetic nervous system
• emergency/ stress situations
• “fight or flight”
• allows body to function under stress
• counteracts the parasympathetic
define neurons
are specialized nerve cells that can receive and transmit chemical and electrical signals
what cells of the nervous system are classified as glial cells?
• astrocytes
• oligodendrocytes
• microglial cells
• ependymal cells
what is the function of oligodendrocytes?
provide myelin for axons
what are the 4 basic components of the neuron?
• dendrite
• soma
• axon
• axon terminal
define action potential
are electrical signals carried along neurons
define neurotransmitter
the chemical messengers released from presynaptic neurons so they can “talk” to neighboring
cells
what are the two types of synapses?
• electrical
• chemical
, what constitutes an electrical synapse?
gap junction proteins
what are the 2 types of chemical synpase receptors?
• ionotropic
• metabotropic
T/F: Action potentials can be bidirectional
False, they are only uni-directional
T/F: action potentials are like a light switch, its all or nothing
True
define membrane potential
the differences between inside and outside of the cell
the inside of the cell is more _____ compared to the outside in the resting state
negative
describe electrical synapse
• voltage-gated ion channels
• gap junction proteins
• very fast
• hard to control
describe chemical synapse
• ligand-gated ion proteins
• G-protein coupled receptors
• can be controlled
what is the main target for most existing drugs?
GPCRs
GPCRs are compared of ___ transmembrane helixes
7
what are the basic steps in which a GPCR functions?
