NCLEX Topics to Review
Arterial ulcers – pain, decreased peripheral perfusion, pallor, paresthesia, wounds are dry
unless they become gangrenous. Decreasing demand for oxygen causing ischemia causing pain.
Venous ulcers – pain, wet, weepy, brown, scaley, nasty, blood return is the problem.
Diabetic ulcers – no pain,
Arterial and diabetic can lead to amputation.
PVD & PAD
Regular insulin is currently the only insulin that is classified as a short-acting
insulin.
In addition to subcutaneous administration, regular insulin can be given via
intravenous bolus, intravenous infusion, or intramuscularly.
NPH insulin is the only available intermediate-acting insulin product and
comes as a sterile suspension that appears cloudy or opaque.
, NPH insulin is often combined with regular insulin to reduce the number of
daily insulin injections.
Regular insulin is considered a short-acting insulin and will peak two to three
hours after subcutaneous administration. Therefore, the peak of this medication
would occur between 1000-1100. NPH insulin is considered an intermediate-acting
insulin, with a peak of four to 12 hours following administration (i.e., between
1200-2000). Since these insulins are being co-administered, there are two separate
times at which the client has the highest risk of becoming hypoglycemic based on
the times when both insulins peak, the first of which initially occurs at 1000 (the
second peak time beginning at 1200). Therefore, the nurse should initially assess
the client for signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia at 1000.
,Celiac disease, if untreated, may cause an individual abdominal pain, distention,
vomiting, anemia, and diarrhea. A client should be thoroughly educated to avoid
foods that contain gluten. Foods allowed include beef, chicken, pork, vegetables,
, fish, and eggs.
Clinical features of acute cholecystitis include -
✓ Epigastic to right upper quadrant pain that may radiate to the right shoulder
✓ Nausea, vomiting, malaise
✓ Jaundice may be present
✓ Elevated white blood cell count (WBC)
✓ Elevated serum liver enzymes and bilirubin
A client receiving a heparin infusion will need their aPTT and platelet count
monitored closely. Heparin prolongs the aPTT (the goal is 1½ to 2½ times the
control value) and should be observed frequently. Platelet counts that decrease
by approximately 50% may indicate heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, which
Arterial ulcers – pain, decreased peripheral perfusion, pallor, paresthesia, wounds are dry
unless they become gangrenous. Decreasing demand for oxygen causing ischemia causing pain.
Venous ulcers – pain, wet, weepy, brown, scaley, nasty, blood return is the problem.
Diabetic ulcers – no pain,
Arterial and diabetic can lead to amputation.
PVD & PAD
Regular insulin is currently the only insulin that is classified as a short-acting
insulin.
In addition to subcutaneous administration, regular insulin can be given via
intravenous bolus, intravenous infusion, or intramuscularly.
NPH insulin is the only available intermediate-acting insulin product and
comes as a sterile suspension that appears cloudy or opaque.
, NPH insulin is often combined with regular insulin to reduce the number of
daily insulin injections.
Regular insulin is considered a short-acting insulin and will peak two to three
hours after subcutaneous administration. Therefore, the peak of this medication
would occur between 1000-1100. NPH insulin is considered an intermediate-acting
insulin, with a peak of four to 12 hours following administration (i.e., between
1200-2000). Since these insulins are being co-administered, there are two separate
times at which the client has the highest risk of becoming hypoglycemic based on
the times when both insulins peak, the first of which initially occurs at 1000 (the
second peak time beginning at 1200). Therefore, the nurse should initially assess
the client for signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia at 1000.
,Celiac disease, if untreated, may cause an individual abdominal pain, distention,
vomiting, anemia, and diarrhea. A client should be thoroughly educated to avoid
foods that contain gluten. Foods allowed include beef, chicken, pork, vegetables,
, fish, and eggs.
Clinical features of acute cholecystitis include -
✓ Epigastic to right upper quadrant pain that may radiate to the right shoulder
✓ Nausea, vomiting, malaise
✓ Jaundice may be present
✓ Elevated white blood cell count (WBC)
✓ Elevated serum liver enzymes and bilirubin
A client receiving a heparin infusion will need their aPTT and platelet count
monitored closely. Heparin prolongs the aPTT (the goal is 1½ to 2½ times the
control value) and should be observed frequently. Platelet counts that decrease
by approximately 50% may indicate heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, which
