Respiratory med surg exam review questions with answers

Respiratory med surg exam review |\ |\ |\ |\ |\




questions with answers |\ |\




The nurse explains that the purpose of mucus is to:
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a. warm the air entering the lungs.
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b. trap particles and bacteria.
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c. protect the cilia.
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d. clean the sinus cavity. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔B
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Mucus traps particles and bacteria that may be in the inspired
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air.


A patient with emphysema presents to the emergency room with
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severe dyspnea; O2 saturation is 74%, pulse is 120, and
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respirations are 26 . The nurse positions the patient in high
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Fowler. What action should the nurse take next?
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a. Collect a sputum specimen.
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b. Coach the patient in pursed-lip breathing.
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c. Give oxygen at 5 L/min by nasal cannula.
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d. Ensure patent intravenous (IV) access. - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔B
Coaching in pursed-lip breathing will open the respiratory tree
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with negative pressure. Oxygen given at such a high
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concentration will cause an emphysemic patient to stop |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


breathing. Collecting a sputum specimen and ensuring patent IV
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,access are appropriate interventions that should be performed
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after the patient's dyspnea is addressed.
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The nurse explains that the mechanism that triggers rate and
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depth of respiration is based on which factor?
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a. Ease of respiration.
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b. Alveolar pressure.
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c. Patency of bronchi.
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d. Blood pH. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔D
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Chemoreceptors in the brainstem and carotid arteries measure |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


hydrogen concentration, as well as CO2 and O2, to trigger
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respiration rate to correct the excessive CO2. |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\




When creating a visual aid to show the mechanics of inhaling, the
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nurse correctly illustrates which scenario?
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a. The diaphragm moves downward.
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b. The negative pressure of the lung converts to positive
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pressure.
c. The muscles contract and pull the rib cage downward.
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d. The bronchi enlarge. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A
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On inspiration, the diaphragm moves down, increasing the area
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of negative pressure, muscles pull the rib cage up, and the
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positive-pressure room air flows into the negative-pressure lungs. |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\

,The nurse explains that the substance that decreases the surface
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tension of the alveolar walls is:
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a. plasma.
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b. surfactant.
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c. cilia.
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d. mucus. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔B
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Surfactant is the substance that reduces the surface tension of
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the walls of the alveoli, making gas exchange more effective.
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Most of the inspired oxygen is carried to the tissues via which
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component of the body? |\ |\ |\




a. Plasma
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b. Lymphatic system
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c. Red blood cells
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d. White blood cells - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔C
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The red blood cells carry 97% of the oxygen to the cells,
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attached to hemoglobin. |\ |\




The nurse is caring for a patient with an obstructive respiratory
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disorder. Which of these conditions is an example of an
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obstructive lung disorder? |\ |\




a. Atelectasis
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b. Lung cancer
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, c. Guillain-Barré syndrome
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d. Chronic bronchitis - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔D
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Obstructive lung disease is related to the reduced ability to move
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air in and out of the lungs. Asthma, emphysema, and chronic
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bronchitis are classified as obstructive disorders. Atelectasis, lung
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cancer, and Guillain-Barré syndrome are restrictive disorders.
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When reviewing risk factors, the nurse correctly identifies which
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patient as having the greatest risk of throat cancer?
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a. The patient who drinks 4 cups of coffee per day.
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b. The patient who smokes 1 pack of cigarettes per week.
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c. The patient who drinks several carbonated drinks per day.
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d. The patient who drinks 4 vodka tonics per day. - CORRECT
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ANSWERS ✔✔D |\




The combination of alcohol and cigarettes increases the risk for
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throat cancer. However, the patient consuming 4 vodka drinks
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per day is at a higher risk than the patient smoking 1 pack of
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cigarettes per week. Coffee and carbonated drink consumption
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has not been found to increase the risk of throat cancer.
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The nurse is preparing to administer the influenza immunization
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to four patients. Allergy to which substance should cause the
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nurse to question giving the immunization?
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a. Strawberries
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b. Ragweed
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