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CNIT 176 EXAM LATEST VERSION -2025/2026- 100+
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS ALL THE BEST
Microarchitecture
The ISA is implemented by connecting small hardware components together to
make a microarchitecture
Logic Gates
Every component of the micro architecture can be implemented with.
Devices
A network of transistors makes up a logic gate. These transistors have a charge
which is manipulated by electrons and can be interpreted as either 1 or 0
Abstraction
A mental model that removes complex details
Model
One way of breaking down the layers of a computing system and thinking about
how computers function
Task
Write a program that does soemthing
Algorithm
Breaking the task down ( Flow chart)
Program
Each step of algorithm might translate to many lines of code
Instruction Set Architecture
Processor independent program translated to a processor dependent program
, 2
Generation zero
mechanical calculating machines
Generation zero (year)
1642-1945
First Generation
Vacuum Tube computers
First Generation (year)
1945-1953
Second Generation
Transistorized computers
Second Generation (year)
1954-1965
Transistor
Replaced vacuum tube, fast, small, durable and cheap
Magnetic Core
Replaced, magnetic drums, information available instantly
Magnetic Disks
Replaced magnetic tape, data can be accessed directly
Third Generation
Integrated circuit computers
Third Generation (year)
1965-1980
Integrated circuits
CNIT 176 EXAM LATEST VERSION -2025/2026- 100+
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS ALL THE BEST
Microarchitecture
The ISA is implemented by connecting small hardware components together to
make a microarchitecture
Logic Gates
Every component of the micro architecture can be implemented with.
Devices
A network of transistors makes up a logic gate. These transistors have a charge
which is manipulated by electrons and can be interpreted as either 1 or 0
Abstraction
A mental model that removes complex details
Model
One way of breaking down the layers of a computing system and thinking about
how computers function
Task
Write a program that does soemthing
Algorithm
Breaking the task down ( Flow chart)
Program
Each step of algorithm might translate to many lines of code
Instruction Set Architecture
Processor independent program translated to a processor dependent program
, 2
Generation zero
mechanical calculating machines
Generation zero (year)
1642-1945
First Generation
Vacuum Tube computers
First Generation (year)
1945-1953
Second Generation
Transistorized computers
Second Generation (year)
1954-1965
Transistor
Replaced vacuum tube, fast, small, durable and cheap
Magnetic Core
Replaced, magnetic drums, information available instantly
Magnetic Disks
Replaced magnetic tape, data can be accessed directly
Third Generation
Integrated circuit computers
Third Generation (year)
1965-1980
Integrated circuits
