NUR631 / NUR 631 Final Exam Study Guide |
Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology
Exam | Questions and Correct Answers | 100%
Verified | Grade A – GCU | Latest
Update
Pathologic Fracture - Correct Answer - A fracture that occurs at a site of
a pre-existing bone abnormality and is a result of a force that would not
normally cause a fracture.
Osteoporosis Detection - Correct Answer - By the time osteoporosis is
visible on an x-ray examination, up to 30% of bone has been lost.
Bone Density Diagnosis - Correct Answer - A bone density of 645mg/cm
would support the diagnosis of osteoporosis.
Normal Bone Density - Correct Answer - Normal bone density is greater
than 833 mg/cm.
Osteopenia - Correct Answer - Osteopenia, or decreased bone mass, is
defined as a bone density of 633 to 648 mg/cm.
Osteoporosis - Correct Answer - Osteoporosis is defined as a bone
density of less than 648 mg/cm.
RANKL Activation - Correct Answer - RANKL activates the receptor
RANK which is expressed on osteoclasts and their precursors and
suppresses apoptosis, leading to activation and the prolongation of
osteoclast survival.
,Estrogen Effects - Correct Answer - Estrogen exerts antiapoptotic effects
on osteoblasts but proapoptotic effects on osteoclasts.
ERKs and RANKL Effects - Correct Answer - ERKs and RANKL increase
the life span of osteoclasts and decrease the life span of osteoblasts.
Most common clinical manifestation of osteoporosis - Correct Answer -
Bone deformity
Disorder characterized by the formation of abnormal new bone at an
accelerated rate - Correct Answer - Paget disease
Characteristic of osteosarcoma - Correct Answer - Aggressive tumor
most often found in the bone marrow of long bones
Chronic inflammatory joint disease characterized by stiffening and fusion
of the spine and sacroiliac joints - Correct Answer - Ankylosing
spondylitis
Primary pathologic alteration resulting from ankylosing spondylitis (AS) -
Correct Answer - Inflammation of fibrocartilaginous joints of the
vertebrae
Antigen presented to CD8+ T cells in ankylosing spondylitis - Correct
Answer - Cartilage
Co-morbid condition at high risk for people with gout - Correct Answer -
Renal calculi
,Gouty arthritis - Correct Answer - A condition characterized by the
crystallization of uric acid in the synovial fluid, causing acute, painful
inflammation of the joint.
Uric acid - Correct Answer - A waste product formed from the
metabolism of purines, which can crystallize and cause gout when
present in high concentrations.
Purine metabolism - Correct Answer - The biochemical process involving
the breakdown and synthesis of purines, closely linked to the
pathophysiology of gout.
Fibromyalgia - Correct Answer - A chronic musculoskeletal syndrome
characterized by widespread joint and muscle pain, fatigue, and
sensitivity at tender points.
Tophi - Correct Answer - Small white nodules formed from the deposition
of uric acid crystals in subcutaneous tissues, associated with chronic
gout.
Paget disease - Correct Answer - A condition that most often affects the
axial skeleton, particularly the vertebrae, skull, sternum, and pelvis.
Duchenne muscular dystrophy - Correct Answer - A type of muscular
dystrophy caused by a deletion of a segment of DNA or a single-gene
defect on the short arm of the X chromosome, inherited in an X-linked
recessive manner.
Calcium crystals - Correct Answer - Mineral deposits that can form in
joints and tissues, associated with chronic gout.
, Sensitivity at tender points - Correct Answer - Increased sensitivity to
touch in specific areas of the body, a common symptom of fibromyalgia.
Acute inflammation - Correct Answer - A rapid and intense immune
response that can cause pain and swelling in affected areas, such as
joints in gouty arthritis.
Renal stones - Correct Answer - Solid mineral deposits that form in the
kidneys, which can occur due to the deposition of uric acid crystals.
Muscle cramps - Correct Answer - Involuntary contractions of muscles
that can cause pain and discomfort, sometimes associated with
fibromyalgia.
Exercise intolerance - Correct Answer - A condition where an individual
experiences excessive fatigue or pain during physical activity, often seen
in fibromyalgia.
Profound fatigue - Correct Answer - A state of extreme tiredness that is a
characteristic symptom of fibromyalgia.
Insoluble precipitates - Correct Answer - Solid particles that form when a
substance, such as uric acid, exceeds its solubility in a fluid.
Glycosaminoglycans - Correct Answer - Long unbranched
polysaccharides that play a role in the structure and function of
connective tissues.
Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology
Exam | Questions and Correct Answers | 100%
Verified | Grade A – GCU | Latest
Update
Pathologic Fracture - Correct Answer - A fracture that occurs at a site of
a pre-existing bone abnormality and is a result of a force that would not
normally cause a fracture.
Osteoporosis Detection - Correct Answer - By the time osteoporosis is
visible on an x-ray examination, up to 30% of bone has been lost.
Bone Density Diagnosis - Correct Answer - A bone density of 645mg/cm
would support the diagnosis of osteoporosis.
Normal Bone Density - Correct Answer - Normal bone density is greater
than 833 mg/cm.
Osteopenia - Correct Answer - Osteopenia, or decreased bone mass, is
defined as a bone density of 633 to 648 mg/cm.
Osteoporosis - Correct Answer - Osteoporosis is defined as a bone
density of less than 648 mg/cm.
RANKL Activation - Correct Answer - RANKL activates the receptor
RANK which is expressed on osteoclasts and their precursors and
suppresses apoptosis, leading to activation and the prolongation of
osteoclast survival.
,Estrogen Effects - Correct Answer - Estrogen exerts antiapoptotic effects
on osteoblasts but proapoptotic effects on osteoclasts.
ERKs and RANKL Effects - Correct Answer - ERKs and RANKL increase
the life span of osteoclasts and decrease the life span of osteoblasts.
Most common clinical manifestation of osteoporosis - Correct Answer -
Bone deformity
Disorder characterized by the formation of abnormal new bone at an
accelerated rate - Correct Answer - Paget disease
Characteristic of osteosarcoma - Correct Answer - Aggressive tumor
most often found in the bone marrow of long bones
Chronic inflammatory joint disease characterized by stiffening and fusion
of the spine and sacroiliac joints - Correct Answer - Ankylosing
spondylitis
Primary pathologic alteration resulting from ankylosing spondylitis (AS) -
Correct Answer - Inflammation of fibrocartilaginous joints of the
vertebrae
Antigen presented to CD8+ T cells in ankylosing spondylitis - Correct
Answer - Cartilage
Co-morbid condition at high risk for people with gout - Correct Answer -
Renal calculi
,Gouty arthritis - Correct Answer - A condition characterized by the
crystallization of uric acid in the synovial fluid, causing acute, painful
inflammation of the joint.
Uric acid - Correct Answer - A waste product formed from the
metabolism of purines, which can crystallize and cause gout when
present in high concentrations.
Purine metabolism - Correct Answer - The biochemical process involving
the breakdown and synthesis of purines, closely linked to the
pathophysiology of gout.
Fibromyalgia - Correct Answer - A chronic musculoskeletal syndrome
characterized by widespread joint and muscle pain, fatigue, and
sensitivity at tender points.
Tophi - Correct Answer - Small white nodules formed from the deposition
of uric acid crystals in subcutaneous tissues, associated with chronic
gout.
Paget disease - Correct Answer - A condition that most often affects the
axial skeleton, particularly the vertebrae, skull, sternum, and pelvis.
Duchenne muscular dystrophy - Correct Answer - A type of muscular
dystrophy caused by a deletion of a segment of DNA or a single-gene
defect on the short arm of the X chromosome, inherited in an X-linked
recessive manner.
Calcium crystals - Correct Answer - Mineral deposits that can form in
joints and tissues, associated with chronic gout.
, Sensitivity at tender points - Correct Answer - Increased sensitivity to
touch in specific areas of the body, a common symptom of fibromyalgia.
Acute inflammation - Correct Answer - A rapid and intense immune
response that can cause pain and swelling in affected areas, such as
joints in gouty arthritis.
Renal stones - Correct Answer - Solid mineral deposits that form in the
kidneys, which can occur due to the deposition of uric acid crystals.
Muscle cramps - Correct Answer - Involuntary contractions of muscles
that can cause pain and discomfort, sometimes associated with
fibromyalgia.
Exercise intolerance - Correct Answer - A condition where an individual
experiences excessive fatigue or pain during physical activity, often seen
in fibromyalgia.
Profound fatigue - Correct Answer - A state of extreme tiredness that is a
characteristic symptom of fibromyalgia.
Insoluble precipitates - Correct Answer - Solid particles that form when a
substance, such as uric acid, exceeds its solubility in a fluid.
Glycosaminoglycans - Correct Answer - Long unbranched
polysaccharides that play a role in the structure and function of
connective tissues.
