1
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Emergency Medicine EOR Exam
Questions and Answers (100% Correct
Answers) Already Graded A+
Dilated Cardiomyopathy: most common cause is ____. Others? [
ANS: ] alcohol; may also be idiopathic, myocarditis, or drugs
(doxorubicin) -- 1 in 3 cases of heart failure are caused by dilated
cardiomyopathy
What PE and EKG changes are seen with dilated
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cardiomyopathy? [ ANS: ] PE: S3, JVD, crackles - possible mitral
regurg
EKG: nonspecific ST and T wave changes, LBBB
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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: is due to hypertrophy of the _____.
PE reveals mitral regurgitation, a ____heart sound, and prominent
left ventricular impulse. EKG reveals LVH [ ANS: ] cardiac septum;
S4
Restrictive cardiomyopathy: often caused by a ____process, or
post-radiation or post open-heart surgery. What is the most
common first symptom? [ ANS: ] --infiltrative process - amyloidosis,
sarcoidosis, and hemochromatosis -- changes in myocardium
--most common first symptom is exertion intolerance and fluid
retention, signs of right heart failure
Atrial fibrillation - regularly irregular - the most common sustained
arrhythmia in adults - what three treatments are used? [ ANS: ] 1.
rate control w BB, CCB, or digoxin
2. Anticoagulation w heparin & warfarin
3. rhythm control w amiodarone or cardioversion
, 2
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Atrial flutter - sawtooth pattern in II, III, aVF - what three treatments
are used? [ ANS: ] 1. cardioversion if no contraindications
2. acute rate control tx w BB, CCB - amiodarone, sotalol,
quinidine, or procainamide
3. If site of reentrant is known, catheter ablation
Multifocal atrial tachycardia - noted in patients with COPD or
severe systemic illness - EKG shows multiple shaped P waves and
differing PR intervals. ____are agents of choice? [ ANS: ] CCB
BLOCKS
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1. ____=prolonged PR interval
2.____=progressive increase in PR until Pwave is blocked.
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3._____=sudden block in P wave w no change in PR
4._____=atrial and ventricular rhythm are independent of each
other. [ ANS: ] First degree; Wenckebach Mobitz type I; Mobitz
type II, Third degree block
A _____may develop after acute MI, PE, aortic stenosis and is due
to a conduction delay in the right or left bundles. [ ANS: ] Bundle
branch block
Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia is a reentry tachycardia,
commonly noted in elderly patients with underlying heart disease.
What treatment may be helpful before using adenosine ie. the
drug of choice? [ ANS: ] vagal maneuvers or antianxiety
medication
What are some drugs associated with Torsades de pointes? [ ANS:
] tricyclic antidepressants, erythromycin, ketoconazole,
haloperidol, cisapride, disopyramide, pentamidine, sotalol, class I
anti-arrhythmics
, 3
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CHF - Systolic dysfunction means a problem with the ____. What
drug is contraindicated? [ ANS: ] pump; CCB!
CHF - Diastolic dysfunction means a problem with the ____. [ ANS: ]
compliance or relaxation of the heart during ventricular filling
The ________principle means that as preload increases, the
ventricle is stretched during diastole filling and the ejection
fraction is increased. [ ANS: ] Frank-Starling principle
_____is released from cardiac ventricles in response to increased
wall tension. [ ANS: ] BNP - B-type natriuretic peptide
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What is the pharmacologic therapy for heart failure? [ ANS: ] 1.
diuretics for fluid retention
2. ACEi
Guru01 - Stuvia
3. vasodilators (hydralazine & nitrates)
4. BB for LV dysfunction
5. digitalis to increase cardiac contractility
Functional Classification of Heart Failure:
___-No cardiac symptoms with ordinary activity.
___-Cardiac symptoms w MARKED activity but asymptomatic at
rest
___-Cardiac symptoms w MILD activity but asymptomatic at rest
___-Cardiac symptoms at rest. [ ANS: ] Class I, Class II, Class III,
Class IV
Stage 1 Hypertension is defined as greater than ____. Stage 2
Hypertension is defined as greater than ____. [ ANS: ] 140/90;
160/100
Hypertension Drug of Choice for:
, 4
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angina
diabetes
hyperlipidemia
CHF
Previous MI
Chronic Renal Failure
Asthma, COPD [ ANS: ] Angina - BB, CCB
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Diabetes - ACEi & CCB, avoid diuretics
Hyperlipidemia - ACEi & CCB, avoid diuretics/BB
CHF - diuretics & ACEi, avoid CCB/BB
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Previous MI - BB/ACEi
Chronic renal failure - diuretics, CCB
Asthma - diuretics & CCB, avoid BB
Secondary hypertension is HTN due to an ______. [ ANS: ]
identifiable cause ie. renovascular disease, coarctation of the
aorta, primary aldosteronism, Cushing's, Pheochromocytoma,
OSA, renal parenchymal hypertension
____hypertension is potentially life threatening - HTN plus
rentinopathy, cardiovascular/renal compromise, or
encephalopathy. [ ANS: ] Malignant
Malignant hypertension bp? What is the rule of thumb for
lowering? [ ANS: ] greater than 220/140; 10% in first hour and 15%
for the next 3-12 hours, to normal over next 2 days
What is the agent of choice for BP lowering for patients with
hypertensive encephalopathy, intracranial bleeding, and heart
For Expert help and assignment solutions, +254707240657
Emergency Medicine EOR Exam
Questions and Answers (100% Correct
Answers) Already Graded A+
Dilated Cardiomyopathy: most common cause is ____. Others? [
ANS: ] alcohol; may also be idiopathic, myocarditis, or drugs
(doxorubicin) -- 1 in 3 cases of heart failure are caused by dilated
cardiomyopathy
What PE and EKG changes are seen with dilated
© 2025 Assignment Expert
cardiomyopathy? [ ANS: ] PE: S3, JVD, crackles - possible mitral
regurg
EKG: nonspecific ST and T wave changes, LBBB
Guru01 - Stuvia
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: is due to hypertrophy of the _____.
PE reveals mitral regurgitation, a ____heart sound, and prominent
left ventricular impulse. EKG reveals LVH [ ANS: ] cardiac septum;
S4
Restrictive cardiomyopathy: often caused by a ____process, or
post-radiation or post open-heart surgery. What is the most
common first symptom? [ ANS: ] --infiltrative process - amyloidosis,
sarcoidosis, and hemochromatosis -- changes in myocardium
--most common first symptom is exertion intolerance and fluid
retention, signs of right heart failure
Atrial fibrillation - regularly irregular - the most common sustained
arrhythmia in adults - what three treatments are used? [ ANS: ] 1.
rate control w BB, CCB, or digoxin
2. Anticoagulation w heparin & warfarin
3. rhythm control w amiodarone or cardioversion
, 2
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Atrial flutter - sawtooth pattern in II, III, aVF - what three treatments
are used? [ ANS: ] 1. cardioversion if no contraindications
2. acute rate control tx w BB, CCB - amiodarone, sotalol,
quinidine, or procainamide
3. If site of reentrant is known, catheter ablation
Multifocal atrial tachycardia - noted in patients with COPD or
severe systemic illness - EKG shows multiple shaped P waves and
differing PR intervals. ____are agents of choice? [ ANS: ] CCB
BLOCKS
© 2025 Assignment Expert
1. ____=prolonged PR interval
2.____=progressive increase in PR until Pwave is blocked.
Guru01 - Stuvia
3._____=sudden block in P wave w no change in PR
4._____=atrial and ventricular rhythm are independent of each
other. [ ANS: ] First degree; Wenckebach Mobitz type I; Mobitz
type II, Third degree block
A _____may develop after acute MI, PE, aortic stenosis and is due
to a conduction delay in the right or left bundles. [ ANS: ] Bundle
branch block
Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia is a reentry tachycardia,
commonly noted in elderly patients with underlying heart disease.
What treatment may be helpful before using adenosine ie. the
drug of choice? [ ANS: ] vagal maneuvers or antianxiety
medication
What are some drugs associated with Torsades de pointes? [ ANS:
] tricyclic antidepressants, erythromycin, ketoconazole,
haloperidol, cisapride, disopyramide, pentamidine, sotalol, class I
anti-arrhythmics
, 3
For Expert help and assignment solutions, +254707240657
CHF - Systolic dysfunction means a problem with the ____. What
drug is contraindicated? [ ANS: ] pump; CCB!
CHF - Diastolic dysfunction means a problem with the ____. [ ANS: ]
compliance or relaxation of the heart during ventricular filling
The ________principle means that as preload increases, the
ventricle is stretched during diastole filling and the ejection
fraction is increased. [ ANS: ] Frank-Starling principle
_____is released from cardiac ventricles in response to increased
wall tension. [ ANS: ] BNP - B-type natriuretic peptide
© 2025 Assignment Expert
What is the pharmacologic therapy for heart failure? [ ANS: ] 1.
diuretics for fluid retention
2. ACEi
Guru01 - Stuvia
3. vasodilators (hydralazine & nitrates)
4. BB for LV dysfunction
5. digitalis to increase cardiac contractility
Functional Classification of Heart Failure:
___-No cardiac symptoms with ordinary activity.
___-Cardiac symptoms w MARKED activity but asymptomatic at
rest
___-Cardiac symptoms w MILD activity but asymptomatic at rest
___-Cardiac symptoms at rest. [ ANS: ] Class I, Class II, Class III,
Class IV
Stage 1 Hypertension is defined as greater than ____. Stage 2
Hypertension is defined as greater than ____. [ ANS: ] 140/90;
160/100
Hypertension Drug of Choice for:
, 4
For Expert help and assignment solutions, +254707240657
angina
diabetes
hyperlipidemia
CHF
Previous MI
Chronic Renal Failure
Asthma, COPD [ ANS: ] Angina - BB, CCB
© 2025 Assignment Expert
Diabetes - ACEi & CCB, avoid diuretics
Hyperlipidemia - ACEi & CCB, avoid diuretics/BB
CHF - diuretics & ACEi, avoid CCB/BB
Guru01 - Stuvia
Previous MI - BB/ACEi
Chronic renal failure - diuretics, CCB
Asthma - diuretics & CCB, avoid BB
Secondary hypertension is HTN due to an ______. [ ANS: ]
identifiable cause ie. renovascular disease, coarctation of the
aorta, primary aldosteronism, Cushing's, Pheochromocytoma,
OSA, renal parenchymal hypertension
____hypertension is potentially life threatening - HTN plus
rentinopathy, cardiovascular/renal compromise, or
encephalopathy. [ ANS: ] Malignant
Malignant hypertension bp? What is the rule of thumb for
lowering? [ ANS: ] greater than 220/140; 10% in first hour and 15%
for the next 3-12 hours, to normal over next 2 days
What is the agent of choice for BP lowering for patients with
hypertensive encephalopathy, intracranial bleeding, and heart
