NSG-434 the child with cancer
Boys have an overall higher incidence of - answer cancer than females
Caucasian children have higher incidences of cancer than - answer African American
children
The incidence of cancer is more pronounced in children ages - answer0-4 years and
then again in adolescents 15 to 19 years of age
Risk factors for cancer - answer Radiation exposure
Carcinogenic drugs
Immunosuppressive therapy
Infections
Race
Genetic conditions
Diagnostic evals for cancer - answer-History and physical
-Lab tests
CBC, LFT, Coagulation studies, urinalysis
-Diagnostic imaging
CT, MRI, PET, MIBG
-Surgery
-Pathologic evaluation
Biopsy
Multimodal therapy for cancer - answer-Combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and
radiotherapy
Surgery for cancer - answerRemoves traces of tumor, restores normal function
Chemotherapy for cancer - answer-primary form of treatment
-combination drug regimens
-IV infusion through venous access devices
,-precautions
-Experienced and trained nurses
Radiotherapy - answer-in conjunction with chemotherapy
-Side effects related to lethal damage to tissue
Biologic response modifiers - answerAlter the host's immunologic mechanisms
-Direct antitumor effect
Blood or marrow transplantation - answer-Used with high doses of chemotherapy or to
replace dysfunctional marrow
-Cells previously stored are given IV after conditioning regimen
Signs and symptoms of cancer in children - answer-Fever and pain, common in
childhood, leading to easily missed problem
-Unexplained loss of energy
-Sudden vision changes
-Excessive rapid weight loss
Cancer causes damage to - answernormal tissues as well as malignant tissues
Cancer patients with infection - answer-Monitor signs of septic shock
-Fever with absolute neutrophil count lower than 500/mm3
-Prevention of infection is.a priority
The child with fever who has an absolute neutrophil count lower than 500 is at high risk
for developing - answer-Overwhelming infection
-Malaise
-Dehydration
-Seizures
-Invasion of organisms producing secondary infections
hemorrhage for cancer patients - answer-Prevented or controlled with platelet infusions
, -Teach to avoid activities that may cause injury; riding a bike or skate boards contact
sports
-Avoid aspirin use acetaminophen instead
Anemia for cancer patients - answer-Common during induction therapy
-Limits tolerance of physical activity
Platelet transfusions generally reserved for - answeractive bleeding not responding to
basic treatment measures
repeated transfusions increase risk of - answersensitization and antigen formation
Nausea and vomiting - answer-Antiemetics used to manage side effect
-Synthetic cannabinoids are being used in children
-Administer antiemetic 30 minutes before chemotherapy begins and routinely for 24
hours after chemotherapy
N/V can be intense it is important to administer antiemetics - answerBEFORE chemo
What type of diet does a cancer patient get? - answerHigh protein
High Calorie
Full fat rather than reduced fat options
Altered nutrition - answer-Monitor intake and nutritional status
-Monitor height and weight routinely
Some children develop conditioned aversions to certain foods if they are - answereaten
during a period of chemotherapy
-best to refrain from offering the child's favorite foods while the child is receiving
chemotherapy
Mucosal ulceration - answer- red, eroded, painful in mouth; may extend to rectal area
- increase anorexia due to pain
- use bland, moist, soft food, and soft sponge toothbrush
- mouthwashes helpful, avoid those with alcohol
-Also avoid viscous lidocaine
Boys have an overall higher incidence of - answer cancer than females
Caucasian children have higher incidences of cancer than - answer African American
children
The incidence of cancer is more pronounced in children ages - answer0-4 years and
then again in adolescents 15 to 19 years of age
Risk factors for cancer - answer Radiation exposure
Carcinogenic drugs
Immunosuppressive therapy
Infections
Race
Genetic conditions
Diagnostic evals for cancer - answer-History and physical
-Lab tests
CBC, LFT, Coagulation studies, urinalysis
-Diagnostic imaging
CT, MRI, PET, MIBG
-Surgery
-Pathologic evaluation
Biopsy
Multimodal therapy for cancer - answer-Combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and
radiotherapy
Surgery for cancer - answerRemoves traces of tumor, restores normal function
Chemotherapy for cancer - answer-primary form of treatment
-combination drug regimens
-IV infusion through venous access devices
,-precautions
-Experienced and trained nurses
Radiotherapy - answer-in conjunction with chemotherapy
-Side effects related to lethal damage to tissue
Biologic response modifiers - answerAlter the host's immunologic mechanisms
-Direct antitumor effect
Blood or marrow transplantation - answer-Used with high doses of chemotherapy or to
replace dysfunctional marrow
-Cells previously stored are given IV after conditioning regimen
Signs and symptoms of cancer in children - answer-Fever and pain, common in
childhood, leading to easily missed problem
-Unexplained loss of energy
-Sudden vision changes
-Excessive rapid weight loss
Cancer causes damage to - answernormal tissues as well as malignant tissues
Cancer patients with infection - answer-Monitor signs of septic shock
-Fever with absolute neutrophil count lower than 500/mm3
-Prevention of infection is.a priority
The child with fever who has an absolute neutrophil count lower than 500 is at high risk
for developing - answer-Overwhelming infection
-Malaise
-Dehydration
-Seizures
-Invasion of organisms producing secondary infections
hemorrhage for cancer patients - answer-Prevented or controlled with platelet infusions
, -Teach to avoid activities that may cause injury; riding a bike or skate boards contact
sports
-Avoid aspirin use acetaminophen instead
Anemia for cancer patients - answer-Common during induction therapy
-Limits tolerance of physical activity
Platelet transfusions generally reserved for - answeractive bleeding not responding to
basic treatment measures
repeated transfusions increase risk of - answersensitization and antigen formation
Nausea and vomiting - answer-Antiemetics used to manage side effect
-Synthetic cannabinoids are being used in children
-Administer antiemetic 30 minutes before chemotherapy begins and routinely for 24
hours after chemotherapy
N/V can be intense it is important to administer antiemetics - answerBEFORE chemo
What type of diet does a cancer patient get? - answerHigh protein
High Calorie
Full fat rather than reduced fat options
Altered nutrition - answer-Monitor intake and nutritional status
-Monitor height and weight routinely
Some children develop conditioned aversions to certain foods if they are - answereaten
during a period of chemotherapy
-best to refrain from offering the child's favorite foods while the child is receiving
chemotherapy
Mucosal ulceration - answer- red, eroded, painful in mouth; may extend to rectal area
- increase anorexia due to pain
- use bland, moist, soft food, and soft sponge toothbrush
- mouthwashes helpful, avoid those with alcohol
-Also avoid viscous lidocaine
