NSG-434 Topic 3 GI
Dehydration - answer Total output of fluid exceeds total intake
Mild dehydration - answer Loss of <5% BW in infants OR <3% BW in children
Moderate dehydration - answer Loss of 5-10% BW in infants OR 3-6% BW in children
Severe dehydration - answer Loss of >10% BW in infants OR >6% BW in children
Mild - Normal except for slight thirst and decreased urine
Moderate - Irritable, slow cap refill, oliguria, dry membranes
Severe - Very low BP, absent tears, sunken eyes, sunken anterior fontanel, no visible
external jugular vein, lethargy - answer What are distinct S/S of different levels of
dehydration?
Dehydration - answer What disorder has the following S/S?
- Tachycardia
- Poor capillary refill
- Decreased skin turgor
- Dry mucous membranes
- Sunken fontal / eyes
- Increased HR
- Tachypnea
- Change in feeding or consolability
- Changes in pee color
- Oral rehydration (pedialyte, popsicles)
- IV fluids (If severe) - answerWhat are interventions for diarrhea?
14 days - answerAt what time does acute diarrhea become considered chronic?
Rotavirus - answerWhat is the MC causative agent of diarrhea among children?
- Oral rehydration
- Reintroduce normal diet
- Decrease sugary drinks - answerHow do we treat diarrhea?
- Educate correct food handling
- Educate breastfeeding is still okay
, - Educate on S/S of dehydration - answerWhat are education points for parents who
have children with diarrhea?
Constipation - answerWhat disorder has the following S/S?
- Painful bowel movements
- Abdominal pain
- Lack of appetite
- Retained stool
Encopresis - answerRepeated involuntary defamation for children that should be potty
trained (Can be caused by constipation)
- High fiber diet
- Exercise
- Establish a routine
- Stool softeners
- Emotional support (positive reinforcement)
- Maintenance therapy for 6-12 months - answerWhat are nursing interventions for
constipation?
Hirschsprung disease - answerLack of ganglionic cells in segments of the colon
resulting in decreased motility and mechanical obstruction
Hirschsprung disease - answerWhat disorder has the following S/S?
- Ribbon like stool
- Failure to thrive
- Failure to pass meconium with 1-2 days of birth
- Vomiting
Meconium - answerFirst stool of the newborn (should be black, tarry, and pasty)
Cystic fibrosis - answerBesides Hirschsprung disease, failure to pass meconium could
also indicate what?
Rectal biopsy with absence of ganglionic cells - answerWhat is the confirmative
diagnostic for Hirschsprung disease?
- Transanal pull-through
- Colostomy -> removal of aganglionic section - answerWhat are treatment options for
Hirschsprung disease?
GER (gastroesophageal reflux) - answerWhat disorder has the following S/S?
- Aspiration of gastric contents
Dehydration - answer Total output of fluid exceeds total intake
Mild dehydration - answer Loss of <5% BW in infants OR <3% BW in children
Moderate dehydration - answer Loss of 5-10% BW in infants OR 3-6% BW in children
Severe dehydration - answer Loss of >10% BW in infants OR >6% BW in children
Mild - Normal except for slight thirst and decreased urine
Moderate - Irritable, slow cap refill, oliguria, dry membranes
Severe - Very low BP, absent tears, sunken eyes, sunken anterior fontanel, no visible
external jugular vein, lethargy - answer What are distinct S/S of different levels of
dehydration?
Dehydration - answer What disorder has the following S/S?
- Tachycardia
- Poor capillary refill
- Decreased skin turgor
- Dry mucous membranes
- Sunken fontal / eyes
- Increased HR
- Tachypnea
- Change in feeding or consolability
- Changes in pee color
- Oral rehydration (pedialyte, popsicles)
- IV fluids (If severe) - answerWhat are interventions for diarrhea?
14 days - answerAt what time does acute diarrhea become considered chronic?
Rotavirus - answerWhat is the MC causative agent of diarrhea among children?
- Oral rehydration
- Reintroduce normal diet
- Decrease sugary drinks - answerHow do we treat diarrhea?
- Educate correct food handling
- Educate breastfeeding is still okay
, - Educate on S/S of dehydration - answerWhat are education points for parents who
have children with diarrhea?
Constipation - answerWhat disorder has the following S/S?
- Painful bowel movements
- Abdominal pain
- Lack of appetite
- Retained stool
Encopresis - answerRepeated involuntary defamation for children that should be potty
trained (Can be caused by constipation)
- High fiber diet
- Exercise
- Establish a routine
- Stool softeners
- Emotional support (positive reinforcement)
- Maintenance therapy for 6-12 months - answerWhat are nursing interventions for
constipation?
Hirschsprung disease - answerLack of ganglionic cells in segments of the colon
resulting in decreased motility and mechanical obstruction
Hirschsprung disease - answerWhat disorder has the following S/S?
- Ribbon like stool
- Failure to thrive
- Failure to pass meconium with 1-2 days of birth
- Vomiting
Meconium - answerFirst stool of the newborn (should be black, tarry, and pasty)
Cystic fibrosis - answerBesides Hirschsprung disease, failure to pass meconium could
also indicate what?
Rectal biopsy with absence of ganglionic cells - answerWhat is the confirmative
diagnostic for Hirschsprung disease?
- Transanal pull-through
- Colostomy -> removal of aganglionic section - answerWhat are treatment options for
Hirschsprung disease?
GER (gastroesophageal reflux) - answerWhat disorder has the following S/S?
- Aspiration of gastric contents
