NSG-434. Pediatrics Exam 1 Terms
Directional Trends - answer proceed in regular, related directions or gradients and
reflect physical development and maturation of neuromuscular functions
- definite and predictable sequence
Cephalocaudal - answerHead to toe (Tail)
Proximodistal - answerfrom center out toward midline toward periphery
- near to far
Differentiation - answersimple to complex progression of achievement of developmental
milestones
Trust vs Mistrust (Erikson) - answerBirth to one year old
Trust is acquired during infancy and builds the foundation for all succeeding phases
Need to trust feeding, comfort, stimulation, and caring needs wil be met
*Crucial element: quality the parent relationships with child and infant care received.
Consistency is essential.
Failure to learn delayed gratification= mistrust.
Sensorimotor Phase 1 (Piaget) - answerBirth to 12 months
Separation: infants learn to seperate self form other objects in the environment. Realize
others besides self control environment and readjusting must take place for mutual
satisfaction
Object permanence.
Symbols as mental representation
Object Permanence - answer9-10 months (correlates with locomotion)
realize objects that have left the visual field still exist (pursue objects under pillow /
chair)
Symbols (Mental Representation) - answeruse of symbols allow infants to think of
objects/situations without experiencing it (understand time and space)
Development Screening Ages - answerScreen at 9 months, 18 months, 24-30 months
Denver Development Screening Test II - answerBirth to 6 years
125 tasks
identify with the child's development age
Compares with others of the same chronological age and
, Breastfeeding - answerRecommended supplement is PO Vitamin D (400 IU/day)
Exclusively breastfed infants 4 months or older need iron (2mg/kg/day) until iron foods
are introduced
Formula diet - answerIron-fortified commerical formula is a complete food for the first 6
months
- Requires fluoride supplements (0.25 mg) when concentration of fluoride in drinking
water is less than 0.3 ppm after 6 months
Evaporated milk formula - answerRequires vitamin C supplements, iron, and fluoride
Solid foods - answer1st foods are strained, pureed or finely mashed
4-6 months
Cereal exception
Finger foods - answer6-7 months
teething crackers, fruits, veggies
Chopped table food - answer9-12 months
start with fruits, veggies then meat
Play in infancy - answer-expose to environmental sounds
-use variety of primary colored objects
-provide toys that let infants practice skills to grasp and manipulate objects
Play for preemies - answerblack and white contrasts
hang mobile
8-10 month play - answerSensory, tactile stimuli
large toys
balls
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome - answerABCs (always, back, clear)
- prone sleeping may cause oropharyngeal obstruction, affect thermal balance, arousal
state
- Prolonged QT interval
Physical Changes in Infants - answerWeight: 2x by 6 months, 3x by 1 year
Height: increased by 50% in first year
Brain increases in weight by 2.5x by 1st year
Head circumference>chest circumference
Respiratory: infection risk because trachea is small and soft, Eustachain tubes are short
and horizontal (high middle ear infection risk)
Pulmonary circulation increases as heart is growing and BP is increased
4 months - answerAge they gain control of head (gross motor)
Directional Trends - answer proceed in regular, related directions or gradients and
reflect physical development and maturation of neuromuscular functions
- definite and predictable sequence
Cephalocaudal - answerHead to toe (Tail)
Proximodistal - answerfrom center out toward midline toward periphery
- near to far
Differentiation - answersimple to complex progression of achievement of developmental
milestones
Trust vs Mistrust (Erikson) - answerBirth to one year old
Trust is acquired during infancy and builds the foundation for all succeeding phases
Need to trust feeding, comfort, stimulation, and caring needs wil be met
*Crucial element: quality the parent relationships with child and infant care received.
Consistency is essential.
Failure to learn delayed gratification= mistrust.
Sensorimotor Phase 1 (Piaget) - answerBirth to 12 months
Separation: infants learn to seperate self form other objects in the environment. Realize
others besides self control environment and readjusting must take place for mutual
satisfaction
Object permanence.
Symbols as mental representation
Object Permanence - answer9-10 months (correlates with locomotion)
realize objects that have left the visual field still exist (pursue objects under pillow /
chair)
Symbols (Mental Representation) - answeruse of symbols allow infants to think of
objects/situations without experiencing it (understand time and space)
Development Screening Ages - answerScreen at 9 months, 18 months, 24-30 months
Denver Development Screening Test II - answerBirth to 6 years
125 tasks
identify with the child's development age
Compares with others of the same chronological age and
, Breastfeeding - answerRecommended supplement is PO Vitamin D (400 IU/day)
Exclusively breastfed infants 4 months or older need iron (2mg/kg/day) until iron foods
are introduced
Formula diet - answerIron-fortified commerical formula is a complete food for the first 6
months
- Requires fluoride supplements (0.25 mg) when concentration of fluoride in drinking
water is less than 0.3 ppm after 6 months
Evaporated milk formula - answerRequires vitamin C supplements, iron, and fluoride
Solid foods - answer1st foods are strained, pureed or finely mashed
4-6 months
Cereal exception
Finger foods - answer6-7 months
teething crackers, fruits, veggies
Chopped table food - answer9-12 months
start with fruits, veggies then meat
Play in infancy - answer-expose to environmental sounds
-use variety of primary colored objects
-provide toys that let infants practice skills to grasp and manipulate objects
Play for preemies - answerblack and white contrasts
hang mobile
8-10 month play - answerSensory, tactile stimuli
large toys
balls
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome - answerABCs (always, back, clear)
- prone sleeping may cause oropharyngeal obstruction, affect thermal balance, arousal
state
- Prolonged QT interval
Physical Changes in Infants - answerWeight: 2x by 6 months, 3x by 1 year
Height: increased by 50% in first year
Brain increases in weight by 2.5x by 1st year
Head circumference>chest circumference
Respiratory: infection risk because trachea is small and soft, Eustachain tubes are short
and horizontal (high middle ear infection risk)
Pulmonary circulation increases as heart is growing and BP is increased
4 months - answerAge they gain control of head (gross motor)
