Chamberlain NR570 Common
Diagnosis & Management in Acute
Care Midterm, NR570 midterm
What are the 3 sections of recognizing human trafficking as an NP? - answer1. Signs &
Symptoms
2. Risk Factors
3. Suspected Behaviors
Physical signs and symptoms of human trafficking? - answer- Anal and/or genital
trauma
- Branding tattoos
- Hidden or unusual trauma (burns, strangulation marks, cuts, bruises)
- Recurrent STIs, UTIs, or abnormal PAP results
- Avoidance of eye contact
- Emotional lability
- Exhaustion
Risk factors associated with human trafficking? - answer- History of abuse and/or
neglect
- LGBTQIA+
- History of Mental Health Disorder(s)
- Racial/ethnic minority
- Recent migration or relocation
- Young age (12-16)
- Female gender
- Runaway/homeless youth
- History of substance abuse
Suspected behaviors of human trafficking? - answer- Sexually provocative
- Accompanied by a controlling individual
- Frequent testing for STIs and/or pregnancy
- Exhibiting fear, anxiety, or anger inappropriately for situation/context
- Inability to provide address
- Lack of control over ID documents and/or finances
- Refusal to provide health information
Potential indicators of human trafficking - answer- Is the patient accompanied by an
individual who refuses to leave during the visit, or who insists on speaking for the
patient?
- Does the accompanying person insist on being the interpreter?
,- Does the accompanying person possess the patient's ID documents?
- Does the patient present without identification?
- Is the patient able to provide an address?
- Does the patient seem unaware of their location, date, or time?
- Does the patient avoid eye contact or demonstrate hostility, fear, or nervousness?
- Is the patient reluctant or unwilling to answer questions regarding their illness or
injury?
- Does the patient provide inconsistent information, seem coached, or is unable to
provide information consistent with the clinical findings?
Types of Elder Abuse - answer- Emotional
- Sexual
- Physical
- Financial
- Neglect
- Abandonment
Risk factors for elder abuse - answer- Lack of close family ties
- Increased age
- Physical or mental impairment
- Caregiver stress
- Unsafe housing
- Poverty or financial distress
Assessment questions for elder abuse - answer- Has anyone tried to hurt you?
- How did that (injury) get there?
- Is there stress where you live?
- Tell me about your caregiver.
- How is your money being handled?
- Is anyone making you do anything that you don't want to do?
Physical exam findings to look for in elder abuse - answer- Injuries: burns, bite marks,
lesions from improper restraints, hematomas, lacerations, black eyes, abrasions,
bilateral bruising of arms, and fractures.
- Malnutrition and dehydration
- Lack of personal hygiene
- Inappropriateness of dress
- Pressure ulcers
- Pain
- Mobility and ROM problems
- Genital/Rectal injuries, infections, irritation, scarring, bleeding, and/or discharge
- Abnormal serum levels of medications
What is cultural competence? - answer- The ongoing capacity of health care systems,
organizations, and professionals to provide for diverse patient populations high-quality
care that is safe, patient and family-centered, evidence-based, and equitable.
,What cultures view prolonged eye contact as disrespectful? - answer- Eye contact is a
powerful CULTURE-SPECIFIC communication tool.
- In many Asian cultures, eye contact is a sign of disrespect.
- Maintaining eye contact during social interaction is a more important principle for
Western Europeans that for East Asians (Japanese, Chinese). While maintaining eye
contact is positively evaluated by Western Europeans, it is not the case with people of
East Asian cultural backgrounds. In fact, in Japanese culture, people are taught not to
maintain eye contact with others because too much eye contact is often considered
disrespectful.
- Americans consider eye contact a sign of respect.
What cultures view hand gestures as rude? - answer- Gestures are CULTURE-
SPECIFIC. A hand gesture can mean one thing in a culture, and something completely
different in another.
- Many Middle Eastern countries find hand gestures rude.
What cultures prefer LESS personal space during social interactions? - answer- The
amount of personal space considered acceptable varies widely across cultures.
- Americans typically prefer MORE personal space during social interactions.
- Some Latin American and European cultures prefer LESS.
Facial expression cues based on culture - answer- While some facial expressions are
related to similar emotions across cultures, the perceptions of some expressions vary
by culture.
- When interpreting facial expressions, people from East Asian cultures tend to focus on
eyes for emotional cues, while Americans pay more attention to mouths.
What are the 6 types of hospital documentation notes? - answer1. Admission Note
2. Daily Progress Note
3. Pre-Operative Report
4. Procedure Note
5. Operative Note
6. Discharge Summary
What is Primary Prevention? - answer- Efforts to prevent an injury or illness from ever
occurring. This is done by preventing exposures to hazards that cause disease or injury,
altering unhealthy or unsafe behaviors that can lead to disease or injury, and increasing
resistance to disease or injury should exposure occur.
, - Primary prevention attempts to reduce the risk of incident disease among individuals
with one or more risk factors. Treatment of elevated blood pressure in individuals who
have not yet experienced cardiovascular disease represents one example of primary
prevention that has proven effective in reducing the incidence of stroke, heart failure,
and coronary heart disease.
What is Secondary Prevention? - answer- Secondary prevention aims to reduce the
impact of a disease or injury that has already occurred. This is done by detecting and
treating disease or injury as soon as possible to halt or slow its progress, encouraging
personal strategies to prevent reinjury or reoccurrence, and implementing programs to
return people to their original health and function to prevent long-term problems.
- Secondary prevention strategies focus on avoiding the recurrence of disease and
death in an individual who is already affected. For example, tamoxifen is recommended
for women with surgically treated early-stage, estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer,
because it reduces the risk of recurrent breast cancer (including in the contralateral
breast) and death.
What is Tertiary Prevention? - answer- Tertiary Prevention aims to soften the impact of
an ongoing illness or injury that has lasting effects. This is done by helping people
manage long-term, often complex health problems and injuries (e.g., chronic diseases,
permanent impairments) in order to improve as much as possible their ability to
function, their quality of life and their life expectancy.
- Tertiary prevention requires rapid action to prevent imminent death in the setting of
acute illness, such as through percutaneous coronary intervention in the setting of ST-
segment elevation myocardial infarction.
What wounds should NEVER be closed? - answer- Bite wounds of the hands or feet
should NEVER she sutured because these bites carry a high risk of infection; suturing
the wound increases the chance of infection.
After how many hours should a wound be left to heal by secondary intention? - answer-
Wounds that are 6 hours or older should be left open to heal by secondary intention.
When should a patient receive a tetanus vaccine? - answer- A tetanus vaccine is
required for adults whose most recent tetanus vaccine was > 5 years previously. If
immunization is unknown or incomplete, 250 units of tetanus immunoglobulin should be
given, in addition to the primary vaccination.
What are the most common pathogens associated with dog bites? - answer-
Staphylococcus aureus
- Pasteurella multocida
- Streptococcus species
- Corynebacterium species
Diagnosis & Management in Acute
Care Midterm, NR570 midterm
What are the 3 sections of recognizing human trafficking as an NP? - answer1. Signs &
Symptoms
2. Risk Factors
3. Suspected Behaviors
Physical signs and symptoms of human trafficking? - answer- Anal and/or genital
trauma
- Branding tattoos
- Hidden or unusual trauma (burns, strangulation marks, cuts, bruises)
- Recurrent STIs, UTIs, or abnormal PAP results
- Avoidance of eye contact
- Emotional lability
- Exhaustion
Risk factors associated with human trafficking? - answer- History of abuse and/or
neglect
- LGBTQIA+
- History of Mental Health Disorder(s)
- Racial/ethnic minority
- Recent migration or relocation
- Young age (12-16)
- Female gender
- Runaway/homeless youth
- History of substance abuse
Suspected behaviors of human trafficking? - answer- Sexually provocative
- Accompanied by a controlling individual
- Frequent testing for STIs and/or pregnancy
- Exhibiting fear, anxiety, or anger inappropriately for situation/context
- Inability to provide address
- Lack of control over ID documents and/or finances
- Refusal to provide health information
Potential indicators of human trafficking - answer- Is the patient accompanied by an
individual who refuses to leave during the visit, or who insists on speaking for the
patient?
- Does the accompanying person insist on being the interpreter?
,- Does the accompanying person possess the patient's ID documents?
- Does the patient present without identification?
- Is the patient able to provide an address?
- Does the patient seem unaware of their location, date, or time?
- Does the patient avoid eye contact or demonstrate hostility, fear, or nervousness?
- Is the patient reluctant or unwilling to answer questions regarding their illness or
injury?
- Does the patient provide inconsistent information, seem coached, or is unable to
provide information consistent with the clinical findings?
Types of Elder Abuse - answer- Emotional
- Sexual
- Physical
- Financial
- Neglect
- Abandonment
Risk factors for elder abuse - answer- Lack of close family ties
- Increased age
- Physical or mental impairment
- Caregiver stress
- Unsafe housing
- Poverty or financial distress
Assessment questions for elder abuse - answer- Has anyone tried to hurt you?
- How did that (injury) get there?
- Is there stress where you live?
- Tell me about your caregiver.
- How is your money being handled?
- Is anyone making you do anything that you don't want to do?
Physical exam findings to look for in elder abuse - answer- Injuries: burns, bite marks,
lesions from improper restraints, hematomas, lacerations, black eyes, abrasions,
bilateral bruising of arms, and fractures.
- Malnutrition and dehydration
- Lack of personal hygiene
- Inappropriateness of dress
- Pressure ulcers
- Pain
- Mobility and ROM problems
- Genital/Rectal injuries, infections, irritation, scarring, bleeding, and/or discharge
- Abnormal serum levels of medications
What is cultural competence? - answer- The ongoing capacity of health care systems,
organizations, and professionals to provide for diverse patient populations high-quality
care that is safe, patient and family-centered, evidence-based, and equitable.
,What cultures view prolonged eye contact as disrespectful? - answer- Eye contact is a
powerful CULTURE-SPECIFIC communication tool.
- In many Asian cultures, eye contact is a sign of disrespect.
- Maintaining eye contact during social interaction is a more important principle for
Western Europeans that for East Asians (Japanese, Chinese). While maintaining eye
contact is positively evaluated by Western Europeans, it is not the case with people of
East Asian cultural backgrounds. In fact, in Japanese culture, people are taught not to
maintain eye contact with others because too much eye contact is often considered
disrespectful.
- Americans consider eye contact a sign of respect.
What cultures view hand gestures as rude? - answer- Gestures are CULTURE-
SPECIFIC. A hand gesture can mean one thing in a culture, and something completely
different in another.
- Many Middle Eastern countries find hand gestures rude.
What cultures prefer LESS personal space during social interactions? - answer- The
amount of personal space considered acceptable varies widely across cultures.
- Americans typically prefer MORE personal space during social interactions.
- Some Latin American and European cultures prefer LESS.
Facial expression cues based on culture - answer- While some facial expressions are
related to similar emotions across cultures, the perceptions of some expressions vary
by culture.
- When interpreting facial expressions, people from East Asian cultures tend to focus on
eyes for emotional cues, while Americans pay more attention to mouths.
What are the 6 types of hospital documentation notes? - answer1. Admission Note
2. Daily Progress Note
3. Pre-Operative Report
4. Procedure Note
5. Operative Note
6. Discharge Summary
What is Primary Prevention? - answer- Efforts to prevent an injury or illness from ever
occurring. This is done by preventing exposures to hazards that cause disease or injury,
altering unhealthy or unsafe behaviors that can lead to disease or injury, and increasing
resistance to disease or injury should exposure occur.
, - Primary prevention attempts to reduce the risk of incident disease among individuals
with one or more risk factors. Treatment of elevated blood pressure in individuals who
have not yet experienced cardiovascular disease represents one example of primary
prevention that has proven effective in reducing the incidence of stroke, heart failure,
and coronary heart disease.
What is Secondary Prevention? - answer- Secondary prevention aims to reduce the
impact of a disease or injury that has already occurred. This is done by detecting and
treating disease or injury as soon as possible to halt or slow its progress, encouraging
personal strategies to prevent reinjury or reoccurrence, and implementing programs to
return people to their original health and function to prevent long-term problems.
- Secondary prevention strategies focus on avoiding the recurrence of disease and
death in an individual who is already affected. For example, tamoxifen is recommended
for women with surgically treated early-stage, estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer,
because it reduces the risk of recurrent breast cancer (including in the contralateral
breast) and death.
What is Tertiary Prevention? - answer- Tertiary Prevention aims to soften the impact of
an ongoing illness or injury that has lasting effects. This is done by helping people
manage long-term, often complex health problems and injuries (e.g., chronic diseases,
permanent impairments) in order to improve as much as possible their ability to
function, their quality of life and their life expectancy.
- Tertiary prevention requires rapid action to prevent imminent death in the setting of
acute illness, such as through percutaneous coronary intervention in the setting of ST-
segment elevation myocardial infarction.
What wounds should NEVER be closed? - answer- Bite wounds of the hands or feet
should NEVER she sutured because these bites carry a high risk of infection; suturing
the wound increases the chance of infection.
After how many hours should a wound be left to heal by secondary intention? - answer-
Wounds that are 6 hours or older should be left open to heal by secondary intention.
When should a patient receive a tetanus vaccine? - answer- A tetanus vaccine is
required for adults whose most recent tetanus vaccine was > 5 years previously. If
immunization is unknown or incomplete, 250 units of tetanus immunoglobulin should be
given, in addition to the primary vaccination.
What are the most common pathogens associated with dog bites? - answer-
Staphylococcus aureus
- Pasteurella multocida
- Streptococcus species
- Corynebacterium species
