NURS 6001 Midterm questions and answers
Nutritional Assessment - ✅✅History of food intake
Weight/height calculations
Laboratory data
Use of nutritional tools when indicated
Lifespan Considerations
Pregnant Women - ✅✅Pre-pregnancy BMI
If low BMI and/or weight gain, low birth weight, early birth
If high BMI and/or weight gain, high birth weight, later birth
Lifespan Considerations
Infants, Children, and Adolescents - ✅✅Use growth chart
At increased risk if height <10%, weight < 15% or > 85%
Lifespan Considerations
Older Adults - ✅✅Unintentional weight loss, increases death rate
Lifespan Considerations
Cultural Considerations - ✅✅Different food beliefs
Complete Nutrition Screening - ✅✅Risk assessment
Focused history
Comprehensive nutritional history
Physical Exam
,Measurements
Lab values (albumin, prealbumin)
Nutrition:
Subjective Data Collection - ✅✅Medical history (any eating disorders)
Weight history (weight loss/gain)
Appetite or taste changes
GI symptoms
Food allergies or intolerances
Family history
Food/Fluid intake patterns
Habits/Cooking ability
Medications/Supplements (schedule, adverse effects, alcohol/drug use)
Nutrition:
Objective Data Collection - ✅✅Body type
General appearance
Swallowing
Elimination
BMI
Weight (stable or changing)
Body measurements (waist, waist to hip, skin fold)
Derived measurements
Comprehensive Nutritional Hisotry - ✅✅Food record (calorie count)
24 hour recall
3-day food diary
Food-frequency questionaire
Direct observation
,Nutrition:
Common Labs - ✅✅-Serum protein (albumin low=malnutrition, leads to edema in extreme cases)
-HGB/HCT (poor iron intake, bleeding, fluid excess, B12)
-Lymphocyte count (inflammatory response to malnutrition)
-Creatinine excretion (reflects muscle mass)
-Nitrogen balance (total protein mass)
-Skin testing
-Lipid measurements (cholesterol, HDL=good, LDL=bad)
Nutrition:
Nursing Diagnosis - ✅✅Risk of excess fluid volume (rare)
Risk for deficient fluid volume (common)
Deficient knowledge
Enteral Nutrition - ✅✅through mouth and stomach
NG tube
Parenteral Nutrition - ✅✅Into the vascular system
TPN
Body Fluids
(primarily water) - ✅✅-Transporting nutrients/waste from cells
-Transporting hormones, enzymes, blood platelets and red/white blood cells
-Facilitating cellular metabolism and proper cellular chemical functioning
-Acts as solvent for electrolytes/nonelectrolytes
-Maintain body temperature
-Facilitates digestion/eliminations
, -Lubricant
Intracellular Fluid (ICF) - ✅✅Within cells (70%)
Extracellular Fluid (ECF) - ✅✅outside the cells (30%)
includes intravascular (plasma, liquid portion of blood) and interstitial (surrounding tissue, lymph)
Healthy Person's Total Body Water - ✅✅50%-60% of body weight
-infants have more body fluid and ECF than adults
-sex and amount of fat cells affect body water (women and obese have less body water)
Fluid Balance
Adult Average - ✅✅1,500-3,500 mL/24hours
average is 2,500-2,600 mL/24 hours
Monitor I/O
Sources of Fluid - ✅✅Ingested liquids (hypothalamus thirst center)
Food
Metabolism (water is end product of oxidation of food)
Fluid Losses - ✅✅Kidneys: urine
Intestinal tract: feces
Skin: perspiration
Insensible water loss (can't measure)
Nutritional Assessment - ✅✅History of food intake
Weight/height calculations
Laboratory data
Use of nutritional tools when indicated
Lifespan Considerations
Pregnant Women - ✅✅Pre-pregnancy BMI
If low BMI and/or weight gain, low birth weight, early birth
If high BMI and/or weight gain, high birth weight, later birth
Lifespan Considerations
Infants, Children, and Adolescents - ✅✅Use growth chart
At increased risk if height <10%, weight < 15% or > 85%
Lifespan Considerations
Older Adults - ✅✅Unintentional weight loss, increases death rate
Lifespan Considerations
Cultural Considerations - ✅✅Different food beliefs
Complete Nutrition Screening - ✅✅Risk assessment
Focused history
Comprehensive nutritional history
Physical Exam
,Measurements
Lab values (albumin, prealbumin)
Nutrition:
Subjective Data Collection - ✅✅Medical history (any eating disorders)
Weight history (weight loss/gain)
Appetite or taste changes
GI symptoms
Food allergies or intolerances
Family history
Food/Fluid intake patterns
Habits/Cooking ability
Medications/Supplements (schedule, adverse effects, alcohol/drug use)
Nutrition:
Objective Data Collection - ✅✅Body type
General appearance
Swallowing
Elimination
BMI
Weight (stable or changing)
Body measurements (waist, waist to hip, skin fold)
Derived measurements
Comprehensive Nutritional Hisotry - ✅✅Food record (calorie count)
24 hour recall
3-day food diary
Food-frequency questionaire
Direct observation
,Nutrition:
Common Labs - ✅✅-Serum protein (albumin low=malnutrition, leads to edema in extreme cases)
-HGB/HCT (poor iron intake, bleeding, fluid excess, B12)
-Lymphocyte count (inflammatory response to malnutrition)
-Creatinine excretion (reflects muscle mass)
-Nitrogen balance (total protein mass)
-Skin testing
-Lipid measurements (cholesterol, HDL=good, LDL=bad)
Nutrition:
Nursing Diagnosis - ✅✅Risk of excess fluid volume (rare)
Risk for deficient fluid volume (common)
Deficient knowledge
Enteral Nutrition - ✅✅through mouth and stomach
NG tube
Parenteral Nutrition - ✅✅Into the vascular system
TPN
Body Fluids
(primarily water) - ✅✅-Transporting nutrients/waste from cells
-Transporting hormones, enzymes, blood platelets and red/white blood cells
-Facilitating cellular metabolism and proper cellular chemical functioning
-Acts as solvent for electrolytes/nonelectrolytes
-Maintain body temperature
-Facilitates digestion/eliminations
, -Lubricant
Intracellular Fluid (ICF) - ✅✅Within cells (70%)
Extracellular Fluid (ECF) - ✅✅outside the cells (30%)
includes intravascular (plasma, liquid portion of blood) and interstitial (surrounding tissue, lymph)
Healthy Person's Total Body Water - ✅✅50%-60% of body weight
-infants have more body fluid and ECF than adults
-sex and amount of fat cells affect body water (women and obese have less body water)
Fluid Balance
Adult Average - ✅✅1,500-3,500 mL/24hours
average is 2,500-2,600 mL/24 hours
Monitor I/O
Sources of Fluid - ✅✅Ingested liquids (hypothalamus thirst center)
Food
Metabolism (water is end product of oxidation of food)
Fluid Losses - ✅✅Kidneys: urine
Intestinal tract: feces
Skin: perspiration
Insensible water loss (can't measure)
